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Penny ob/gyn > Ch. 16 Anatomy of the Female Pelvis > Flashcards

Ch. 16 Anatomy of the Female Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

The ligaments of the pelvis provide support to the ____, ____, and_____.

A

Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes

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2
Q

The broad ligaments and suspensory ligament of the ovary are actually ____ folds of peritoneum

A

double

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3
Q

In addition to providing support, the suspensory ligament of the ovary contains the ovarian ____, ____ , ____, and ____

A

artery, ovarian vein, lymphatics, and ovarian nerves

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4
Q

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

A

Broad ligament

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5
Q

Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls

A

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

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6
Q

____ house the vasculature of the uterus

A

Cardinal ligaments

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7
Q

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of the vagina and houses the uterine vasculature

A

Cardinal ligament

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8
Q

When surrounded by _____, the dense broad ligaments may be identified as echogenic structures extending from the lateral borders of the uterus bilaterally

A

free fluid

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9
Q

Sound Off:
The dense broad ligaments may be identified as ____ structures extending from the lateral borders of the uterus bilaterally.

A

Echogenic

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10
Q

Ligament:?
Supports: uterus, tubes, ovaries

Location:
Extend from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

A

Pelvic Ligament:
broad ligaments

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11
Q

Ligament:?
Supports: uterus (fundus)

Location:
Extend from uterine cornua to labia majora between the folds of the broad ligaments

A

Pelvic Ligament:
round ligaments

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12
Q

Ligament:?
Supports:
ovaries and tubes

Location:
Extend from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls

A

Pelvic Ligament:
Suspensory ligament of the ovaries (infundibuolopelvic)

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13
Q

Ligament:?
Supports:
Ovaries

Location:
Extend from ovary to lateral surface of the uterus

A

Pelvic Ligament:
Ovarian ligaments

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14
Q

Ligament:?
Supports:
Cervix

Location:
Extend from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina

A

Pelvic Ligament:
Cardinal ligaments

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15
Q

Supports:
Uterus

Location:
Extend from the uterus to sacrum

A

Pelvic Ligament:
Uterosacral ligaments

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16
Q

The ____ or anterior cul-de-sac, is located anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder

A

vesicouterine pouch

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17
Q

The ____, located between the rectum and the uterus, may also be referred to as the rectovaginal pouch, ____,or____

A

rectouterine pouch, posterior cul-de-sac, or pouch of Douglas

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18
Q

The ____ is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity, making it the most likely place for fluid to collect in the pelvis.

A

rectouterine pouch

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19
Q

Between the anterior wall of the urinary bladder and the symphysis pubis lies the ____, or retropubic space, an area that contains extraperitoneal fat

A

space of Retzius

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20
Q

Free fluid, when excessive, may also be noted within the ____, lower quadrants of the abdomen, and may serve the purpose of delineating the borders of pelvic organs

A

adnexa

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21
Q

In addition, when free fluid is noted within the pelvis, a general assessment of the ____ ____ for additional fluid may be warranted

A

upper abdomen

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22
Q

Sound Off:
The most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity is the posterior cul-de-sac or _____, making it the most likely place for free fluid to collect in the pelvis

A

pouch of Douglas

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23
Q

Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the anterior cul-de-sac

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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24
Q

Peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and the rectum; also referred to as the posterior cul-de-sac, pouch of Douglas, and the rectovaginal pouch

A

Rectouterine pouch

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25
Q

Extraperitoneal space located between the bladder and the symphysis pubis that contains fat

A

space of Retzius

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26
Q

The ____ supplies blood to the female genitalia

A

abdominal aorta

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27
Q

The abdominal aorta branches into the paired _____, typically near the umbilicus

A

common iliac arteries

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28
Q

The common iliac arteries then divide into the ____ and ____

A

external iliac arteries and internal iliac arteries

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29
Q

The iliacs along with their venous counterparts, provide useful landmarks for identifying the ____

A

ovaries

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30
Q

The paired right and left uterine arteries are branches of the ____and these uterine arteries course along the lateral aspect of the uterus within the folds of the broad ligaments

A

internal iliac arteries

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31
Q

Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

A

uterine arteries

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32
Q

Doppler investigation of the uterine artery resistive index during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycles is ____ compared to just before ovulation and into the secretory phase

A

higher

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33
Q

Branches of the uterine artery include the ____, which may be visualized with Doppler interrogation along the lateral aspect of the myometrium

A

arcuate arteries

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34
Q

The arcuate vessels progress further within the uterus and eventually become the ____, which supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

A

radial arteries

35
Q

The radial arteries then divide into the ____ and ____

A

straight arteries and spiral arteries

36
Q

Sound Off:
The ____ are the tiny, coiled vessels that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium

A

spiral arteries

37
Q

The ovarian arteries originate from the ____aspect of the abdominal aorta

A

lateral

38
Q

The ovaries have a ____ blood supply. Each ovary receives its nourishment from an ovarian artery and a branch of the uterine artery

A

dual

39
Q

Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium

A

arcuate arteries

40
Q

Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

A

radial arteries

41
Q

Uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium

A

straight arteries

42
Q

All ___ structures mirror their arterial counterparts, with the exception of the ovarian vein

A

venous

43
Q

The left ovarian vein, instead of returning blood into the inferior vena cava, drains directly into the ____

A

left renal vein

44
Q

Sound Off:
The ____ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein

A

left

45
Q

The common iliac veins unite at almost the same level as the common iliac artery bifurcation to help form the ____

A

inferior vena cava

46
Q

The bony pelvis consist of sacrum, coccyx, and ____. These bones mark the boundaries of the pelvic cavity

A

innominate bones

47
Q

Pelvic bones that consist of the ilium, ischium, and pubic symphysis

A

innominate bones

48
Q

The posterior border of the pelvic cavity is marked by the ____ and ____

A

sacrum and coccyx

49
Q

The pelvic bones will produce an ____ when noted during a sonogram

A

acoustic shadow

50
Q

The boundaries of the female pelvis are considered to be from the iliac crest to a group of muscles known as the ____, located at the base of the pelvis

A

pelvic diaphragm

51
Q

The pelvis can further be divided into a ____(lesser pelvis) and ____(major or greater pelvis) by an imaginary line known as the ____

A

true pelvis, false pelvis, linea terminalis

52
Q

The false pelvis is located more ____than the true pelvis

A

superiorly

53
Q

Sound Off:
The ____contains the urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, rectum, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus

A

true pelvis

54
Q

Within the pelvis, the nongravid uterus lies within the ____, ____ to the urinary urinary bladder and ___ to the rectum

A

midline, posterior, anterior

55
Q

Group of pelvic muscles consisting of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs

A

Pelvic diaphragm

56
Q

Inferior portion of the the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum

A

True pelvis

57
Q

Superior portion of the pelvis

A

False pelvis

58
Q

Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis

A

Linea terminalis

59
Q

Sound Off:
A weakening in the ____ could result in ____ of the pelvic organs

A

levator ani muscles, prolapse

60
Q

Paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone; separated by the linea alba

A

rectus abdominis muscles

61
Q

Bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to iliac crest

A

illiopsoas muscles

62
Q

Paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries

A

obturator internus muscles

63
Q

Paired pelvic muscles located anteriorly that extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter

A

piriformis muscles

64
Q

Hammock-shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and the pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubourethralis, pubococcygeus, pubovaginalsis, and puborectalis

A

Levator ani muscles

65
Q

Pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum

A

Coccygeus

66
Q

(uterine prolapse) a condition that results from the weakening of pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina

A

Prolapse

67
Q

Segments of the ___ and ___bowels are located in the pelvis. These include part of the ileum, cecum, descending and ascending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

A

small and large

68
Q

Sound Off:
____ ____ can be mistaken for an ovarian or pelvic mass or possibly even the ovary itself
*peristalsis may be noted in the bowel segments

A

Normal bowel

69
Q

Peristalsis may not always be evident in the rectum, so care must be taken in this regard. In some situations a ____ ____ may be administered during real-time sonography to differentiate the rectum from a pelvic mass, but another imaging modality, such as CT is preferred

A

water enema

70
Q

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles:
Location: Anterior (separated by the linea alba)

A

Rectus abdominis muscle (2)

71
Q

The tendonous, fibrous structure that runs along the midline of the abdomen, separating the rectus abdominis muscles

A

Linea alba

72
Q

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles:
Location:Lateral and anterior to iliac crest

A

Iliopsoas muscles (2)

73
Q

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles:
Location:Lateral to ovaries

A

Obturator internus (2)

74
Q

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles:
Location:Posterior

A

Piriformis (2)

75
Q

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles:
Location:Inferior near the vagina in transverse

A

Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus muscles)

76
Q

Uterine artery RI is much higher during which part of the menstrual cycle

A

proliferative phase

77
Q

The ovaries have a dual blood supply through the ______ and _____ arteries.

A

ovarian artery, a branch of the uterine artery

78
Q

Which of the following is not a levator ani muscle? (pubourethralis, pubovaginalis, iliococcygeus)

A

puboileacus

79
Q

What artery directly supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium?

A

straight arteries

80
Q

Which of the following is not true of the the uterine plexus? (they are tortuous like the arteries, anastomose with each other and the ovarian vein, located along the side of the cervix and the cornua)

A

they supply blood to the uterine tubes

81
Q

What part of the cervix is closest to the vagina?

A

external os

82
Q

What midline, anterior pelvic structure may produces an acoustic shadow when scanning the female pelvis?

A

pubic symphysis

83
Q

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the

A

adnexa

Penny ob/gyn (15 decks)

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