Ch. 16 Anatomy of the Female Pelvis

Question 1

The ligaments of the pelvis provide support to the ____, ____, and_____.

Answer 1

Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes

Question 2

The broad ligaments and suspensory ligament of the ovary are actually ____ folds of peritoneum

Answer 2

double

Question 3

In addition to providing support, the suspensory ligament of the ovary contains the ovarian ____, ____ , ____, and ____

Answer 3

artery, ovarian vein, lymphatics, and ovarian nerves

Question 4

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

Answer 4

Broad ligament

Question 5

Pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls

Answer 5

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Question 6

____ house the vasculature of the uterus

Answer 6

Cardinal ligaments

Question 7

Pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of the vagina and houses the uterine vasculature

Answer 7

Cardinal ligament

Question 8

When surrounded by _____, the dense broad ligaments may be identified as echogenic structures extending from the lateral borders of the uterus bilaterally

Answer 8

free fluid

Question 9

Sound Off:
The dense broad ligaments may be identified as ____ structures extending from the lateral borders of the uterus bilaterally.

Answer 9

Echogenic

Question 10

Ligament:?
Supports: uterus, tubes, ovaries

Location:
Extend from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis

Answer 10

Pelvic Ligament:
broad ligaments

Question 11

Ligament:?
Supports: uterus (fundus)

Location:
Extend from uterine cornua to labia majora between the folds of the broad ligaments

Answer 11

Pelvic Ligament:
round ligaments

Question 12

Ligament:?
Supports:
ovaries and tubes

Location:
Extend from the ovaries to the pelvic side walls

Answer 12

Pelvic Ligament:
Suspensory ligament of the ovaries (infundibuolopelvic)

Question 13

Ligament:?
Supports:
Ovaries

Location:
Extend from ovary to lateral surface of the uterus

Answer 13

Pelvic Ligament:
Ovarian ligaments

Question 14

Ligament:?
Supports:
Cervix

Location:
Extend from the lateral surface of the cervix to the lateral fornix of vagina

Answer 14

Pelvic Ligament:
Cardinal ligaments

Question 15

Supports:
Uterus

Location:
Extend from the uterus to sacrum

Answer 15

Pelvic Ligament:
Uterosacral ligaments

Question 16

The ____ or anterior cul-de-sac, is located anterior to the uterus and posterior to the urinary bladder

Answer 16

vesicouterine pouch

Question 17

The ____, located between the rectum and the uterus, may also be referred to as the rectovaginal pouch, ____,or____

Answer 17

rectouterine pouch, posterior cul-de-sac, or pouch of Douglas

Question 18

The ____ is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity, making it the most likely place for fluid to collect in the pelvis.

Answer 18

rectouterine pouch

Question 19

Between the anterior wall of the urinary bladder and the symphysis pubis lies the ____, or retropubic space, an area that contains extraperitoneal fat

Answer 19

space of Retzius

Question 20

Free fluid, when excessive, may also be noted within the ____, lower quadrants of the abdomen, and may serve the purpose of delineating the borders of pelvic organs

Answer 20

adnexa

Question 21

In addition, when free fluid is noted within the pelvis, a general assessment of the ____ ____ for additional fluid may be warranted

Answer 21

upper abdomen

Question 22

Sound Off:
The most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity is the posterior cul-de-sac or _____, making it the most likely place for free fluid to collect in the pelvis

Answer 22

pouch of Douglas

Question 23

Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder and the uterus; also referred to as the anterior cul-de-sac

Answer 23

Vesicouterine pouch

Question 24

Peritoneal outpouching located between the uterus and the rectum; also referred to as the posterior cul-de-sac, pouch of Douglas, and the rectovaginal pouch

Answer 24

Rectouterine pouch

Question 25

Extraperitoneal space located between the bladder and the symphysis pubis that contains fat

Answer 25

space of Retzius

Question 26

The ____ supplies blood to the female genitalia

Answer 26

abdominal aorta

Question 27

The abdominal aorta branches into the paired _____, typically near the umbilicus

Answer 27

common iliac arteries

Question 28

The common iliac arteries then divide into the ____ and ____

Answer 28

external iliac arteries and internal iliac arteries

Question 29

The iliacs along with their venous counterparts, provide useful landmarks for identifying the ____

Answer 29

ovaries

Question 30

The paired right and left uterine arteries are branches of the ____and these uterine arteries course along the lateral aspect of the uterus within the folds of the broad ligaments

Answer 30

internal iliac arteries

Question 31

Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies blood to the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes

Answer 31

uterine arteries

Question 32

Doppler investigation of the uterine artery resistive index during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycles is ____ compared to just before ovulation and into the secretory phase

Answer 32

higher

Question 33

Branches of the uterine artery include the ____, which may be visualized with Doppler interrogation along the lateral aspect of the myometrium

Answer 33

arcuate arteries

Question 34

The arcuate vessels progress further within the uterus and eventually become the ____, which supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

Answer 34

radial arteries

Question 35

The radial arteries then divide into the ____ and ____

Answer 35

straight arteries and spiral arteries

Question 36

Sound Off: The ____ are the tiny, coiled vessels that supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium

Answer 36

spiral arteries

Question 37

The ovarian arteries originate from the ____aspect of the abdominal aorta

Answer 37

lateral

Question 38

The ovaries have a ____ blood supply. Each ovary receives its nourishment from an ovarian artery and a branch of the uterine artery

Answer 38

dual

Question 39

Peripheral arteries of the uterus that lie at the edge of the myometrium

Answer 39

arcuate arteries

Question 40

Arteries that supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium

Answer 40

radial arteries

Question 41

Uterine radial artery branch that supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium

Answer 41

straight arteries

Question 42

All ___ structures mirror their arterial counterparts, with the exception of the ovarian vein

Answer 42

venous

Question 43

The left ovarian vein, instead of returning blood into the inferior vena cava, drains directly into the ____

Answer 43

left renal vein

Question 44

Sound Off: The ____ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein

Answer 44

left

Question 45

The common iliac veins unite at almost the same level as the common iliac artery bifurcation to help form the ____

Answer 45

inferior vena cava

Question 46

The bony pelvis consist of sacrum, coccyx, and ____. These bones mark the boundaries of the pelvic cavity

Answer 46

innominate bones

Question 47

Pelvic bones that consist of the ilium, ischium, and pubic symphysis

Answer 47

innominate bones

Question 48

The posterior border of the pelvic cavity is marked by the ____ and ____

Answer 48

sacrum and coccyx

Question 49

The pelvic bones will produce an ____ when noted during a sonogram

Answer 49

acoustic shadow

Question 50

The boundaries of the female pelvis are considered to be from the iliac crest to a group of muscles known as the ____, located at the base of the pelvis

Answer 50

pelvic diaphragm

Question 51

The pelvis can further be divided into a ____(lesser pelvis) and ____(major or greater pelvis) by an imaginary line known as the ____

Answer 51

true pelvis, false pelvis, linea terminalis

Question 52

The false pelvis is located more ____than the true pelvis

Answer 52

superiorly

Question 53

Sound Off: The ____contains the urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, rectum, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus

Answer 53

true pelvis

Question 54

Within the pelvis, the nongravid uterus lies within the ____, ____ to the urinary urinary bladder and ___ to the rectum

Answer 54

midline, posterior, anterior

Question 55

Group of pelvic muscles consisting of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs

Answer 55

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 56

Inferior portion of the the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bowel, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Answer 56

True pelvis

Question 57

Superior portion of the pelvis

Answer 57

False pelvis

Question 58

Imaginary line that separates the true pelvis from the false pelvis

Answer 58

Linea terminalis

Question 59

Sound Off: A weakening in the ____ could result in ____ of the pelvic organs

Answer 59

levator ani muscles, prolapse

Question 60

Paired anterior abdominal muscles that extend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone; separated by the linea alba

Answer 60

rectus abdominis muscles

Question 61

Bilateral muscles located lateral to the uterus and anterior to iliac crest

Answer 61

illiopsoas muscles

Question 62

Paired pelvic muscles located lateral to the ovaries

Answer 62

obturator internus muscles

Question 63

Paired pelvic muscles located posteriorly that extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter

Answer 63

piriformis muscles

Question 64

Hammock-shaped pelvic muscle group located between the coccyx and the pubis consisting of the iliococcygeus, pubourethralis, pubococcygeus, pubovaginalsis, and puborectalis

Answer 64

Levator ani muscles

Question 65

Pelvic muscle located posteriorly within the pelvis that helps support the sacrum

Answer 65

Coccygeus

Question 66

uterine _______a condition that results from the weakening of pelvic diaphragm muscles and allows for the displacement of the uterus, often through the vagina

Answer 66

Prolapse

Question 67

Segments of the ___ and ___bowels are located in the pelvis. These include part of the ileum, cecum, descending and ascending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Answer 67

small and large

Question 68

Sound Off: ____ ____ can be mistaken for an ovarian or pelvic mass or possibly even the ovary itself *peristalsis may be noted in the bowel segments

Answer 68

Normal bowel

Question 69

Peristalsis may not always be evident in the rectum, so care must be taken in this regard. In some situations a ____ ____ may be administered during real-time sonography to differentiate the rectum from a pelvic mass, but another imaging modality, such as CT is preferred

Answer 69

water enema

Question 70

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles: Location: Anterior (separated by the linea alba)

Answer 70

Rectus abdominis muscle (2)

Question 71

The tendonous, fibrous structure that runs along the midline of the abdomen, separating the rectus abdominis muscles

Answer 71

Linea alba

Question 72

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles: Location:Lateral and anterior to iliac crest

Answer 72

Iliopsoas muscles (2)

Question 73

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles: Location:Lateral to ovaries

Answer 73

Obturator internus (2)

Question 74

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles: Location:Posterior

Answer 74

Piriformis (2)

Question 75

Sonographically Identifiable Pelvic Muscles: Location:Inferior near the vagina in transverse

Answer 75

Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani and coccygeus muscles)

Question 76

Uterine artery RI is much higher during which part of the menstrual cycle

Answer 76

proliferative phase

Question 77

The ovaries have a dual blood supply through the ______ and _____ arteries.

Answer 77

ovarian artery, a branch of the uterine artery

Question 78

Which of the following is not a levator ani muscle? (pubourethralis, pubovaginalis, puboileacus, iliococcygeus,)

Answer 78

puboileacus

Question 79

What artery directly supplies blood to the basal layer of the endometrium?

Answer 79

straight arteries

Question 80

Which of the following is not true of the the uterine plexus? (they are tortuous like the arteries, they supply blood to the uterine tubes, they anastomose with each other and the ovarian vein, they are located along the side of the cervix and the cornua)

Answer 80

they supply blood to the uterine tubes

Question 81

What part of the cervix is closest to the vagina?

Answer 81

external os

Question 82

What midline, anterior pelvic structure may produces an acoustic shadow when scanning the female pelvis?

Answer 82

pubic symphysis

Question 83

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred to as the

Answer 83

adnexa