Ch 23. Digestive System, Part 2-Accessory Organs Flashcards
Roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.
Palate
The anterior space between the lips and the teeth
Vestibule
The area that lies internal to the teeth.
Oral cavity proper
Medial fold of tissue that connects the inside of each lip to the gums.
Labial frenulum
Medial fold of tissue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Lingual frenulum
Large structure on the floor of the mouth composed of skeletal muscle covered by mucosa.
Tongue
The bumps on the back of the tongue arranged in a V-shaped row.
Vallate papillae
Conical bumps present all over the tongue surface that increase the tongue’s friction.
Filiform papillae
Mushroom-shaped bumps scattered over the surface of the tongue.
Fungiform papillae
Types of papillae that have taste buds.
Vallate papillae & Fungiform papillae
Deciduous teeth in one quadrant of the mouth:
2 incisors, 1 canine, 0 premolars, & 2 molars; total of 20 teeth
Permanent teeth in one quadrant of the mouth:
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, & 3 molars; total 32 teeth
Tooth portion above gumline.
Crown
Tooth portion below gumline.
Root
Covers outside of crown.
Enamel
Covers outside of root.
Cementum
Bonelike material that forms most of a tooth.
Dentin
Center containing loose c.t., vessels, etc.
Pulp cavity
Narrow extension of pulp cavity in root.
Root canal
Fibers that anchor root to bony socket.
Periodontal ligament
Mucous membrane around base of teeth.
Gingiva
Hardest substance in the body.
Enamel
Parotid glands:
Located in front of the ear, swells when one has the mumps, contains only serous cells & secretion enters mouth next to 2nd upper molar
Submandibular glands:
Located below the mandible, & secretion enters mouth below tongue
Sublingual glands:
Located under the tongue, contains mostly mucous cells & secretion enters mouth below tongue
The posteroinferior surface of the liver; lies in close proximity to other abdominal organs.
Visceral surface
The largest lobe of the liver.
Right lobe
The portion of the liver that extends over the top of the stomach.
Left lobe
The portion of the liver visible between the IVC and ligamentum venosum.
Caudate lobe
The portion of the liver visible between the gallbladder and ligamentum teres.
Quadrate lobe
The caudate and quadrate lobes share nerves and vessels with this lobe.
Left lobe
Area in the center of the visceral surface where vessels and ducts enter and leave the liver.
Porta hepatis
Connective tissue in lower part of fissure that is derived from the fetal umbilical vein.
Ligamentum teres
Connective tissue in upper part of fissure that is derived from the fetal ductus venosus.
Ligamentum venosum
Extension of peritoneum that divides the right and left lobe on the anterior surface.
Falciform ligament
Hexagonal groups of liver cells that surround each central vein.
Liver lobules
A cluster of three vessels found at each corner of a lobule.
Portal triad
Liver cells that process nutrients, make bile, detoxify poisons, and store sugar.
Hepatocytes
Cells which destroy bacteria in blood that travels through the lobules.
Kupffer cells
Large, porous capillaries located between plates of hepatocytes.
Liver sinusoids
Tiny channels that carry bile towards the outside of the liver lobule.
Bile canaliculi
Vessel that carries bile away from the liver lobules towards the hepatic ducts.
Bile duct
Vessel that picks up blood from the sinusoids and carries it towards the hepatic veins.
Central vein
Which of these is NOT part of a portal triad?
a branch of the central vein
Which of these transports fluid away from the liver sinusoids?
a bile duct
Which of these does NOT pass through the porta hepatis of the liver?
hepatic veins
Which statement is NOT true concerning the liver?
It produces enzymes needed for digestion.
What is the digestive function of the liver?
to produce bile
What is the function of bile?
emulsifies fats
Where is the gallbladder located?
on the liver’s anterior visceral side
Which part of the gallbladder protrudes from the liver’s inferior margin?
Fundus
What is the function of the gallbladder?
stores and concentrates bile
What hormone stimulates the gallbladder to release bile?
cholecystokinin
Carries bile to and from the gallbladder.
Cystic duct
Receives bile from the liver.
Hepatic ducts
Forms when the two other ducts come together; carries bile to the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
Common bile duct
What type of gland is the pancreas?
salivary gland & endocrine gland
Where is the pancreas located?
along the posterior abdominal wall between the duodenum and the spleen
Which of the following is INCORRECT about the pancreas?
It is surrounded by the mesentery proper.
Which cells in the pancreas make digestive enzymes?
acinar cells
The clusters of hormone-secreting cells in the pancreas are called:
islets of Langerhans
What two hormones are secreted by the pancreas?
insulin and glucagon
Into which part of the intestine is pancreatic juice secreted?
duodenum
Inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection.
Viral hepatitis
Noncontagious, periodic inflammation of intestinal wall; includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammation, and often necrosis, of the pancreas usually caused by blockage of its duct.
Pancreatitis
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity; from liver, kidney or heart disease.
Ascites
Any hindrance to the movement of chyme or feces through the intestines.
Intestinal obstruction
Inflammation of the liver in which hepatocytes are replaced with connective tissue and fat.
Cirrhosis
