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Human Anatomy > Ch 23. Digestive System, Part 2-Accessory Organs > Flashcards

Ch 23. Digestive System, Part 2-Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Roof of the mouth; separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity.

A

Palate

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2
Q

The anterior space between the lips and the teeth

A

Vestibule

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3
Q

The area that lies internal to the teeth.

A

Oral cavity proper

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4
Q

Medial fold of tissue that connects the inside of each lip to the gums.

A

Labial frenulum

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5
Q

Medial fold of tissue that anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

A

Lingual frenulum

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6
Q

Large structure on the floor of the mouth composed of skeletal muscle covered by mucosa.

A

Tongue

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7
Q

The bumps on the back of the tongue arranged in a V-shaped row.

A

Vallate papillae

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8
Q

Conical bumps present all over the tongue surface that increase the tongue’s friction.

A

Filiform papillae

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9
Q

Mushroom-shaped bumps scattered over the surface of the tongue.

A

Fungiform papillae

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10
Q

Types of papillae that have taste buds.

A

Vallate papillae & Fungiform papillae

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11
Q

Deciduous teeth in one quadrant of the mouth:

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 0 premolars, & 2 molars; total of 20 teeth

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12
Q

Permanent teeth in one quadrant of the mouth:

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, & 3 molars; total 32 teeth

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13
Q

Tooth portion above gumline.

A

Crown

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14
Q

Tooth portion below gumline.

A

Root

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15
Q

Covers outside of crown.

A

Enamel

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16
Q

Covers outside of root.

A

Cementum

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17
Q

Bonelike material that forms most of a tooth.

A

Dentin

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18
Q

Center containing loose c.t., vessels, etc.

A

Pulp cavity

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19
Q

Narrow extension of pulp cavity in root.

A

Root canal

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20
Q

Fibers that anchor root to bony socket.

A

Periodontal ligament

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21
Q

Mucous membrane around base of teeth.

A

Gingiva

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22
Q

Hardest substance in the body.

A

Enamel

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23
Q

Parotid glands:

A

Located in front of the ear, swells when one has the mumps, contains only serous cells & secretion enters mouth next to 2nd upper molar

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24
Q

Submandibular glands:

A

Located below the mandible, & secretion enters mouth below tongue

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25
Q

Sublingual glands:

A

Located under the tongue, contains mostly mucous cells & secretion enters mouth below tongue

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26
Q

The posteroinferior surface of the liver; lies in close proximity to other abdominal organs.

A

Visceral surface

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27
Q

The largest lobe of the liver.

A

Right lobe

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28
Q

The portion of the liver that extends over the top of the stomach.

A

Left lobe

29
Q

The portion of the liver visible between the IVC and ligamentum venosum.

A

Caudate lobe

30
Q

The portion of the liver visible between the gallbladder and ligamentum teres.

A

Quadrate lobe

31
Q

The caudate and quadrate lobes share nerves and vessels with this lobe.

A

Left lobe

32
Q

Area in the center of the visceral surface where vessels and ducts enter and leave the liver.

A

Porta hepatis

33
Q

Connective tissue in lower part of fissure that is derived from the fetal umbilical vein.

A

Ligamentum teres

34
Q

Connective tissue in upper part of fissure that is derived from the fetal ductus venosus.

A

Ligamentum venosum

35
Q

Extension of peritoneum that divides the right and left lobe on the anterior surface.

A

Falciform ligament

36
Q

Hexagonal groups of liver cells that surround each central vein.

A

Liver lobules

37
Q

A cluster of three vessels found at each corner of a lobule.

A

Portal triad

38
Q

Liver cells that process nutrients, make bile, detoxify poisons, and store sugar.

A

Hepatocytes

39
Q

Cells which destroy bacteria in blood that travels through the lobules.

A

Kupffer cells

40
Q

Large, porous capillaries located between plates of hepatocytes.

A

Liver sinusoids

41
Q

Tiny channels that carry bile towards the outside of the liver lobule.

A

Bile canaliculi

42
Q

Vessel that carries bile away from the liver lobules towards the hepatic ducts.

A

Bile duct

43
Q

Vessel that picks up blood from the sinusoids and carries it towards the hepatic veins.

A

Central vein

44
Q

Which of these is NOT part of a portal triad?

A

a branch of the central vein

45
Q

Which of these transports fluid away from the liver sinusoids?

A

a bile duct

46
Q

Which of these does NOT pass through the porta hepatis of the liver?

A

hepatic veins

47
Q

Which statement is NOT true concerning the liver?

A

It produces enzymes needed for digestion.

48
Q

What is the digestive function of the liver?

A

to produce bile

49
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

emulsifies fats

50
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

on the liver’s anterior visceral side

51
Q

Which part of the gallbladder protrudes from the liver’s inferior margin?

A

Fundus

52
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

53
Q

What hormone stimulates the gallbladder to release bile?

A

cholecystokinin

54
Q

Carries bile to and from the gallbladder.

A

Cystic duct

55
Q

Receives bile from the liver.

A

Hepatic ducts

56
Q

Forms when the two other ducts come together; carries bile to the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

A

Common bile duct

57
Q

What type of gland is the pancreas?

A

salivary gland & endocrine gland

58
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

along the posterior abdominal wall between the duodenum and the spleen

59
Q

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the pancreas?

A

It is surrounded by the mesentery proper.

60
Q

Which cells in the pancreas make digestive enzymes?

A

acinar cells

61
Q

The clusters of hormone-secreting cells in the pancreas are called:

A

islets of Langerhans

62
Q

What two hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

A

insulin and glucagon

63
Q

Into which part of the intestine is pancreatic juice secreted?

A

duodenum

64
Q

Inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection.

A

Viral hepatitis

65
Q

Noncontagious, periodic inflammation of intestinal wall; includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

66
Q

Inflammation, and often necrosis, of the pancreas usually caused by blockage of its duct.

A

Pancreatitis

67
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity; from liver, kidney or heart disease.

A

Ascites

68
Q

Any hindrance to the movement of chyme or feces through the intestines.

A

Intestinal obstruction

69
Q

Inflammation of the liver in which hepatocytes are replaced with connective tissue and fat.

A

Cirrhosis

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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