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Human Anatomy > Ch 13. Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch 13. Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The spinal cord functions as a:

A

reflex center, conduction pathway

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2
Q

Into what space is anesthesia injected to numb the spinal cord?

A

epidural space

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3
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

just below the ribcage

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4
Q

Where along the vertebral column would a lumbar puncture be done?

A

between L3 and L4

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5
Q

Why would a lumbar puncture be done at this location and not higher up?

A

to avoid hitting the spinal cord, which ends at about the top of L2

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6
Q

The tapered inferior end of the spinal cord is called the:

A

conus medullaris

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7
Q

The group of spinal nerves that extends below the end of the spinal cord and looks like a horse’s tail is the:

A

cauda equina

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8
Q

The long thin extension of the pia mater that attaches to the coccyx and anchors the spinal cord in place is the:

A

filum terminale

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9
Q

What is the significance of the cervical and lumbar enlargements?

A

These are sites where nerves to the upper and lower limbs emerge

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10
Q

In the spinal cord gray matter is located:

A

towards the inside

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11
Q

In the brain gray matter is located:

A

towards the outer surface

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12
Q

Which of these is most medial?

A

gray commissure

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13
Q

In the spinal cord myelinated fibers would be found in the:

A

columns

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14
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord consists of:

A

interneurons and motor neuron cell bodies

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15
Q

The ascending fibers of the spinal cord white matter primarily carry:

A

sensory information going to the brain

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16
Q

The descending fibers of the spinal cord white matter primarily carry:

A

motor instructions going to the muscles and glands

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17
Q

Most sensory and motor pathways decussate (cross from one side to the other) at some point so that information about the right side of the body goes to or comes from the left side of the brain and vice versa.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Structures of the Cerebrum

A

Insula, Five lobes, Basal ganglia

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19
Q

Structures of the Brain Stem

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

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20
Q

Structures of the Cerebellum

A

Vermis, Arbor vitae

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21
Q

Structures of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal body

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22
Q

Ventricles are spaces in the brain filled with

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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23
Q

Which structure connects the lateral and third ventricle?

A

interventricular foramen

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24
Q

Which structure connects the third and fourth ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct

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25
Q

Lateral ventricles occupy in the

A

cerebrum

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26
Q

Third ventricle occupy in the

A

diencephalon

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27
Q

Fourth ventricle occupy in the

A

brainstem

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28
Q

Which of these is NOT part of the brainstem?

A

cerebellum

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29
Q

Which of these is NOT in the midbrain?

A

interventricular foramen

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30
Q

The bulge on the underside of the brain made up of tracts of white fibers is the:

A

pons

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31
Q

The most superior part of the brainstem is the:

A

midbrain

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32
Q

Reflex centers for coughing and sneezing are in the:

A

medulla oblongata

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33
Q

The colliculi are part of the:

A

corpora quadrigemina

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34
Q

The white matter of the cerebellum is called the:

A

arbor vitae

35
Q

The central part of the cerebellum is the:

A

vermis

36
Q

The thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus form the

A

diencephalon

37
Q

The gland associated with the hypothalamus is the:

A

pituitary gland

38
Q

The gland associated with the epithalamus is the:

A

pineal body

39
Q

The relay center for impulses going to the cerebrum is the:

A

thalamus

40
Q

Which area serves as the main visceral control center of the body

A

hypothalamus

41
Q

Lobe where hearing and smell are perceived.

A

Temporal Lobe

42
Q

Lobe where vision is perceived.

A

Occipital Lobe

43
Q

Lobe involved in memory and site where balance and visceral sensations are perceived.

A

Insula

44
Q

Lobe where touch and taste are perceived.

A

Parietal Lobe

45
Q

Lobe responsible for voluntary movement and most intellectual processes.

A

Frontal Lobe

46
Q

Specific ridge responsible for conscious awareness of the general somatic senses.

A

Postcentral gyrus

47
Q

Specific ridge where the primary motor cortex (which controls voluntary movement) is located.

A

Precentral gyrus

48
Q

Area that directs muscles involved in speech production.

A

Broca’s area

49
Q

Area that is primarily involved in recognizing and understanding spoken words.

A

Wernicke’s area

50
Q

Areas of the brain that function in integration and communication between other brain parts.

A

Association areas

51
Q

Cortical areas involved in control of voluntary muscular contractions.

A

Motor areas

52
Q

Cortical areas involved in conscious awareness of sensation.

A

Sensory areas

53
Q

White matter that connects the two halves of the cerebrum.

A

Corpus callosum

54
Q

Part of the brain responsible for conscious thought.

A

Cerebrum

55
Q

The fifth lobe of the cerebrum, which is located deep inside the lateral sulcus.

A

Insula

56
Q

A valley or groove on the surface of the brain.

A

Sulcus

57
Q

Gray matter located within the white matter of the cerebrum; disorders cause problems with movement, including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease.

A

Basal ganglia

58
Q

The two main regions of the basal ganglia.

A

Caudate nucleus, Lentiform nucleus

59
Q

Which of these is LEAST involved in movement?

A

limbic system

60
Q

Which of these is LEAST involved in memory?

A

thalamus

61
Q

Which of these includes part of the diencephalon?

A

limbic system

62
Q

Which of these is involved in the fear response?

A

amygdala

63
Q

Which one encodes, consolidates and retrieves memories?

A

hippocampus

64
Q

Important in starting, stopping, and monitoring the intensity of movements executed by cortex

A

Basal ganglia

65
Q

Relay center for impulses heading to the cerebrum.

A

Thalamus

66
Q

Regulates autonomic nervous system, release of pituitary hormones, and many other things.

A

Hypothalamus

67
Q

Helps regulate sleep cycles and releases melatonin.

A

Pineal body

68
Q

“Little feet of the cerebrum” that contain pyramidal motor tracts descending to the spinal cord.

A

Cerebral peduncles

69
Q

Controls visual and auditory reflexes.

A

Corpora quadrigemina

70
Q

Relays information between the motor cortex and cerebellum; has nuclei for several cranial nerves.

A

Pons

71
Q

Has reflex centers for heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rhythm.

A

Medulla oblongata

72
Q

Mediates postural reflexes, balance and coordination; some cognitive functions.

A

Cerebellum

73
Q

Our “emotional brain”; it also plays a major role in memory.

A

Limbic system

74
Q

Stimulates the cerebral cortex to keep us alert.

A

Reticular activating system

75
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds and protects the brain.

A

Meninges

76
Q

Prevents toxins and other undesirable substances in the blood from entering the brain.

A

Blood brain barrier

77
Q

Space superificial to pia mater that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Subarachnoid space

78
Q

Potential space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

A

Subdural space

79
Q

Most superficial layer of meninges; composed of tough fibrous connective tissue.

A

Dura mater

80
Q

Deepest layer of meninges; a delicate, highly vascularized layer that clings to the brain surface.

A

Pia mater

81
Q

The middle layer of meninges that has spiderweb-like projections on its inner surface.

A

Arachnoidmater

82
Q

Structure responsible for making cerebrospinal fluid; located in the roofs of the ventricles.

A

Choroid plexus

83
Q

The largest of the dural sinuses; collects venous blood and travels along the superior midline of head.

A

Superior sagittal sinus

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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