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Human Anatomy > Ch 22 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Ch 22 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Gas exchange between the blood and air in the lung alveoli.

A

External respiration

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2
Q

Gas exchange between the blood and the tissue cells.

A

Internal respiration

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3
Q

Carrying of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and cells of the body through the blood.

A

Transport of respiratory gases

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4
Q

Movement of air in and out of the lungs.

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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5
Q

Which two processes occur solely in organs of the respiratory system?

A

Pulmonary ventilation, and External respiration

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6
Q

Air-filled cavities located in the bones surrounding the nasal cavity.

A

Paranasal sinuses

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7
Q

Three scroll-like ridges that project from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

A

Nasal conchae

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8
Q

The space immediately posterior to the external nose that is lined with respiratory mucosa.

A

Nasal cavity

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9
Q

The only externally visible part of the respiratory system.

A

External nose

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10
Q

The opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.

A

Posterior nasal aperture

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11
Q

Also called the nostril.

A

External nares

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12
Q

Separates the two nasal fossae.

A

Nasal septum

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13
Q

The posterior portion of the floor of the nasal cavity composed of smooth muscle covered by mucosa.

A

Soft palate

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14
Q

The more anterior portion of the floor of the nasal cavity made up of portions of the palatine bone and maxilla

A

Hard palate

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose?

A

site for gaseous exchange of oxygen

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16
Q

What is the main function of the mucus secreted by the glands of the respiratory mucosa?

A

traps inspired dust, bacteria, etc

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Located in the ethmoid, sphenoid, mandibular and zygomatic bones.

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18
Q

Nasopharynx:

A

Pharyngeal tonsil, posterior nasal apertures, and opening of pharyngotympanic tube

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19
Q

Oropharnx:

A

Lingual tonsil, palatine tonsil, and fauces

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20
Q

Laryngopharynx:

A

Epiglottis and esophagus

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21
Q

The largest laryngeal cartilage; forms most of the front and sides of the larynx.

A

Thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

The anterior protrusion of the thyroid cartilage; also called the Adam’s apple.

A

Laryngeal prominence

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23
Q

The most inferior laryngeal cartilage; shaped like a signet ring.

A

Cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

A leaf-shaped cartilage that closes to prevent food and fluid from entering the larynx.

A

Epiglottis

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25
Q

The “true vocal cords” that are responsible for sound production.

A

Vocal folds

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26
Q

The most superior pair of mucosal folds in the larynx; also called the false vocal cords.

A

Vestibular folds

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27
Q

The medial opening between the left and right vocal folds.

A

Rima glottidis

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28
Q

The area composed of the vocal folds and the medial opening between them.

A

Glottis

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29
Q

Cartilages to which the vocal folds attach posteriorly.

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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30
Q

Three pairs of cartilages located in the posterior part of the larynx.

A

Arytenoid cartilage, coriculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage

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31
Q

Which laryngeal cartilage is composed of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage?

A

Epiglottis

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32
Q

The larynx does all of the following EXCEPT:

A

transports food to the esophagus

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33
Q

Contraction of the abdominal muscles and closure of the glottis to increase intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressure (as during defecation) is called:

A

Valsalva’s maneuver

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34
Q

The larynx is innervated by which nerves?

A

Vagus nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerves

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35
Q

Because of the pathway followed by the recurrent laryngeal nerves, hoarseness or loss of speech can occur during surgery on what area?

A

Aortic arch

36
Q

Tube located anterior to esophagus, whose wall contains 16-20 C-shaped cartilages.

A

Trachea

37
Q

The smooth muscle in the posterior wall of the trachea that can decrease the diameter during sneezing and coughing.

A

Trachealis muscle

38
Q

Ridge in the last tracheal cartilage that marks the point where the trachea branches.

A

Carina

39
Q

Structures that branch from the inferior end of the trachea; also called main bronchi.

A

Secondary bronchi

40
Q

Tubes that carry air to and from each lung segment; also called segmental bronchi.

A

Tertiary bronchi

41
Q

Air passageways in the lungs smaller than 1 mm in diameter.

A

Bronchioles

42
Q

The smallest bronchioles of the conducting zone, which have a diameter less than 0.5 mm.

A

Terminal bronchioles

43
Q

Tubes that branch from the terminal bronchioles; first part of the respiratory zone.

A

Respiratory bronchioles

44
Q

Straight ducts whose walls consist almost entirely of alveoli.

A

Alveolar ducts

45
Q

A cluster of alveoli.

A

Alveolar sacs

46
Q

An individual air-filled pouch in the lung tissue.

A

Alveoli

47
Q

The cells that form the single layer of squamous epithelium which is the wall of an alveoli.

A

Type I cells

48
Q

The cuboidal epithelial cells that secrete surfactant.

A

Type II cells

49
Q

Free moving cells that remove tiny inhaled particles from the alveoli; also called dust cells

A

Alveolar marophages

50
Q

Gaseous exchange occurs in all of the following structures EXCEPT:

A

Terminal bronchioles

51
Q

Which statement is FALSE concerning the trachea:

A

lined with stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

What type of tissue makes up the walls of the trachea and bronchi?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

53
Q

Beginning at the trachea, arrange these structures in the order that they would be passed through by inhaled air: 1) alveolar duct; 2) respiratory bronchiole; 3) primary bronchus; 4) terminal bronchiole; 5) tertiary bronchus.

A

primary, tertiary bronchus, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, and alveolar duct

54
Q

Which primary bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical?

A

Right

55
Q

Which statement is FALSE concerning alveoli?

A

oxygen mainly diffuses from the blood into the alveoli

56
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the wall structure of the bronchial tree?

A

The small bronchioles have numerous cilia and mucus-producing cells.

57
Q

The respiratory membrane:

A

is the membrane in the lungs where external respiration occurs, and consists of the alveolar epithelium, fused basal lamina, and capillary endothelium.

58
Q

Which chemical coats the inner surface of alveoli to decrease surface tension?

A

Surfactant

59
Q

What condition occurs in babies who are born two or more months prematurely, before their lungs start making surfactant?

A

respiratory distress syndrome

60
Q

The serous membrane that covers the surface of the lung

A

Visceral pleura

61
Q

The serous membrane that covers the internal surface of the thoracic wall.

A

Parietal pleura

62
Q

The potential space around the lungs filled with pleural fluid.

A

Pleural cavity

63
Q

The area between the two lungs where the heart is located.

A

Mediastinum

64
Q

The blood vessels, bronchi, lymph vessels and nerves that attach the lung to the mediastinum.

A

Root of the lung

65
Q

The rounded superior tip of each lung.

A

Apex

66
Q

The concave inferior surface of each lung that rests on the diaphragm.

A

Base

67
Q

The indentation on the medial surface where tubes and vessels enter and leave the lung.

A

Hilus

68
Q

Right lung only:

A

three lobes, middle lobe, horizontal fissure

69
Q

Left lung only:

A

two lobes, cardiac notch

70
Q

Both lungs:

A

Segmental bronchi, superior and inferior lobes, Oblique fissure

71
Q

Which lung tends to be smaller because of the position of the heart?

A

Left

72
Q

Inspiration occurs when which muscles contract?

A

Diaphram and external intercoastals

73
Q

What causes quiet expiration?

A

elastic recoil of the lungs

74
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for setting the baseline ventilatory rate?

A

medulla oblongata

75
Q

An inflammation of the membrane around the lungs.

A

Pleurisy

76
Q

Collapse of the lung or failure of the lungs to inflate (as in premature infants).

A

Atelectasis

77
Q

Air in the pleural cavity.

A

Pneumothorax

78
Q

An infectious inflammation of the lungs in which fluid accumulates in the alveoli.

A

Pneumonia

79
Q

A category of disorders in which the flow of air into and out of the lungs is difficult or obstructed.

A 
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)
80
Q

Permanent enlargement of the alveoli caused by deterioration of the alveolar walls; most often associated with smoking-related chronic inflammation of the lungs.

A

Obstructive emphysema

81
Q

Condition in which inhaled irritants lead to a prolonged secretion of mucus by the mucosa of the lower respiratory passages, and to inflammation and fibrosis of this mucosa.

A

Chronic bronchitis

82
Q

An inherited disease in which the functions of the exocrine glands are disrupted throughout the body; causes oversecretion of viscous mucus by the bronchial glands.

A

Cystic fibrosis

83
Q

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

A

Rhinitis

84
Q

A nosebleed.

A

Epistaxis

85
Q

A type of allergic inflammation of the respiratory passageways that occurs in people who are hypersensitive to irritants in the air or to stress

A

Bronchial asthma

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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