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Human Anatomy > Ch 21 Lymphatic and Immune System > Flashcards

Ch 21 Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Lymphatic system:

A

Lymph capillaries, lymphatic collecting vessels, lymph trunck and ducts

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2
Q

Components of the Immune system

A

Lymphocytes, Lymphoid tissure and spleen & thymus

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3
Q

Which lymphoid organ is most closely associated with the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph node

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4
Q

Interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic vessels is called:

A

Lymph

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5
Q

Lymph is derived from:

A

blood plasma

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6
Q

The function of lymphatic vessels is to:

A

carry excess fluid and plasma proteins back to the blood vessels

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7
Q

Fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels empties into the:

A

Venous system

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8
Q

Lymph capillaries:

A

closed-ended tube (like a sock), cells of wall overlap to form mini-valves, permeable to bacteria, viruses and cells, connect to lymphatic collecting vessels, and absent from bone tissue, teeth and CNS

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9
Q

Lymphatic capillaries are different from blood capillaries in that:

A

they are close-ended tubules

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10
Q

What are the special lymph capillaries called that help absorb lipids in the small intestine?

A

Lacteals

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11
Q

All of the following are true of lymphatic collecting vessels EXCEPT:

A

They have fewer valves than veins.

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12
Q

Which of these does NOT help to keep lymph flowing in the proper direction through lymphatic collecting vessels?

A

contractions of the heart

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13
Q

The small, bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue which occur along the path of lymphatic collecting vessels are called:

A

lymph nodes

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14
Q

Which of the following is a basic function of lymph nodes?

A

filter microorganisms and debris from lymph

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15
Q

Which lymphatic structure is a long tube that travels anterior to the vertebral bodies through the upper abdomen and thorax?

A

Thoracic duct

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16
Q

The sac-like structure at the inferior end of the thoracic duct is the:

A

cisterna chyli

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17
Q

Which of the following areas is normally drained by the right lymphatic duct?

A

Left arm

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18
Q

The lymphatic ducts drain into the junction of the:

A

internal jugular and subclavian vein

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19
Q

Which of these lists the types of lymphatic vessels in the order that lymph flows through them:

A

lymph capillaries → lymphatic collecting vessels → lymph trunk → lymph duct

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ?

A

Kidney

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21
Q

The key defense cells of the immune system are the:

A

Lymphocytes

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22
Q

The cells that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are called:

A

T lymphocytes

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23
Q

The cells that develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow are called:

A

B lymphocytes

24
Q

During activation, what cells present antigen to a lymphocyte?

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells

25
Q

Which step in lymphocyte activation occurs THIRD?

A

A lymphocyte encounters its antigen in lymphoid tissue and becomes fully activated.

26
Q

The cells that directly attack and lyse a foreign cell are called:

A

cytotoxic T cells

27
Q

Which cells wait within the lymphoid tissues until the body encounters their antigen again?

A

memory lymphocytes

28
Q

Where is lymphoid tissue generally found?

A

in mucous membranes and most lymphoid organs

29
Q

Which term refers to the lymphoid tissue found in the mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts?

A

MALT

30
Q

Which of these is NOT a function of lymphoid tissue?

A

secretion of lymph

31
Q

Located in the upper left abdominal quadrant posterior to the stomach.

A

Spleen

32
Q

Located posterior to the upper part of the sternum in the neck and upper thorax.

A

Thymus

33
Q

Attached to the first part of the large intestine in the lower right abdominal quadrant.

A

Appendix

34
Q

Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the walls of the distal part of the small intestine.

A

Peyer’s patches

35
Q

Located in the pharynx.

A

Tonsils

36
Q

Divided into lobules with a dark cortex and a lighter medulla that contains Hassell’s corpuscles.

A

Thymus

37
Q

Located along the path of lymph vessels and clustered in the neck, armpit, and groin.

A

Lymph nodes

38
Q

Swellings of the mucosa with lymphoid follicles and deep crypts that trap bacteria.

A

Tonsils

39
Q

Structurally, this is the least like the other lymphoid organs and is more like a gland.

A

Thymus

40
Q

Has an outer capsule that is penetrated by afferent and efferent vessels.

A

Lymph nodes

41
Q

Its tissue has both white pulp and red pulp.

A

Spleen

42
Q

Largest in childhood and puberty, but atrophies with age.

A

Thymus

43
Q

Provide an early line of defense for the respiratory system

A

Tonsils

44
Q

Cleanses blood by removing antigens and aged or defective blood cells; stores platelets.

A

Spleen

45
Q

Filters the lymph and provides a site for lymphocyte exposure to antigens and activation.

A

Lymph nodes

46
Q

Site where some immature lymphocytes become immunocompetent; also secretes hormones.

A

Thymus

47
Q

Two structures that destroy microorganisms in the intestines.

A

Appendix, Peyer’s patches

48
Q

The two primary lymphoid organs

A

Bone marrow, thymus

49
Q

Maliganancy of the lymph nodes characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells.

A

Hodgkin’s disease

50
Q

Involves uncontrolled multiplication and metastasis of undifferentiated lymphocytes.

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

51
Q

Which has a higher cure rate

A

Hodgkin’s-disease

52
Q

Leakage of fatty lymph from the thoracic duct into a pleural cavity.

A

Chylothorax

53
Q

Inflammation of a lymph vessel.

A

Lymphangitis

54
Q

Viral disease that kills or impairs helper T cells and thus weakens the entire immune system.

A

AIDS

55
Q

Disease of adolescents and young adults caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which specifically attacks B cells.

A

Mononucleosis

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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