Ch 21 Lymphatic and Immune System Flashcards
Components of the Lymphatic system:
Lymph capillaries, lymphatic collecting vessels, lymph trunck and ducts
Components of the Immune system
Lymphocytes, Lymphoid tissure and spleen & thymus
Which lymphoid organ is most closely associated with the lymphatic system?
Lymph node
Interstitial fluid that has entered the lymphatic vessels is called:
Lymph
Lymph is derived from:
blood plasma
The function of lymphatic vessels is to:
carry excess fluid and plasma proteins back to the blood vessels
Fluid carried by the lymphatic vessels empties into the:
Venous system
Lymph capillaries:
closed-ended tube (like a sock), cells of wall overlap to form mini-valves, permeable to bacteria, viruses and cells, connect to lymphatic collecting vessels, and absent from bone tissue, teeth and CNS
Lymphatic capillaries are different from blood capillaries in that:
they are close-ended tubules
What are the special lymph capillaries called that help absorb lipids in the small intestine?
Lacteals
All of the following are true of lymphatic collecting vessels EXCEPT:
They have fewer valves than veins.
Which of these does NOT help to keep lymph flowing in the proper direction through lymphatic collecting vessels?
contractions of the heart
The small, bean-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue which occur along the path of lymphatic collecting vessels are called:
lymph nodes
Which of the following is a basic function of lymph nodes?
filter microorganisms and debris from lymph
Which lymphatic structure is a long tube that travels anterior to the vertebral bodies through the upper abdomen and thorax?
Thoracic duct
The sac-like structure at the inferior end of the thoracic duct is the:
cisterna chyli
Which of the following areas is normally drained by the right lymphatic duct?
Left arm
The lymphatic ducts drain into the junction of the:
internal jugular and subclavian vein
Which of these lists the types of lymphatic vessels in the order that lymph flows through them:
lymph capillaries → lymphatic collecting vessels → lymph trunk → lymph duct
Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ?
Kidney
The key defense cells of the immune system are the:
Lymphocytes
The cells that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are called:
T lymphocytes
The cells that develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow are called:
B lymphocytes
During activation, what cells present antigen to a lymphocyte?
Macrophages, dendritic cells
Which step in lymphocyte activation occurs THIRD?
A lymphocyte encounters its antigen in lymphoid tissue and becomes fully activated.
The cells that directly attack and lyse a foreign cell are called:
cytotoxic T cells
Which cells wait within the lymphoid tissues until the body encounters their antigen again?
memory lymphocytes
Where is lymphoid tissue generally found?
in mucous membranes and most lymphoid organs
Which term refers to the lymphoid tissue found in the mucous membranes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts?
MALT
Which of these is NOT a function of lymphoid tissue?
secretion of lymph
Located in the upper left abdominal quadrant posterior to the stomach.
Spleen
Located posterior to the upper part of the sternum in the neck and upper thorax.
Thymus
Attached to the first part of the large intestine in the lower right abdominal quadrant.
Appendix
Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the walls of the distal part of the small intestine.
Peyer’s patches
Located in the pharynx.
Tonsils
Divided into lobules with a dark cortex and a lighter medulla that contains Hassell’s corpuscles.
Thymus
Located along the path of lymph vessels and clustered in the neck, armpit, and groin.
Lymph nodes
Swellings of the mucosa with lymphoid follicles and deep crypts that trap bacteria.
Tonsils
Structurally, this is the least like the other lymphoid organs and is more like a gland.
Thymus
Has an outer capsule that is penetrated by afferent and efferent vessels.
Lymph nodes
Its tissue has both white pulp and red pulp.
Spleen
Largest in childhood and puberty, but atrophies with age.
Thymus
Provide an early line of defense for the respiratory system
Tonsils
Cleanses blood by removing antigens and aged or defective blood cells; stores platelets.
Spleen
Filters the lymph and provides a site for lymphocyte exposure to antigens and activation.
Lymph nodes
Site where some immature lymphocytes become immunocompetent; also secretes hormones.
Thymus
Two structures that destroy microorganisms in the intestines.
Appendix, Peyer’s patches
The two primary lymphoid organs
Bone marrow, thymus
Maliganancy of the lymph nodes characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells.
Hodgkin’s disease
Involves uncontrolled multiplication and metastasis of undifferentiated lymphocytes.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Which has a higher cure rate
Hodgkin’s-disease
Leakage of fatty lymph from the thoracic duct into a pleural cavity.
Chylothorax
Inflammation of a lymph vessel.
Lymphangitis
Viral disease that kills or impairs helper T cells and thus weakens the entire immune system.
AIDS
Disease of adolescents and young adults caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which specifically attacks B cells.
Mononucleosis
