Ch 16 Special Senses Flashcards
1
Q
Special senses have receptors that are:
A
localized and complex
2
Q
Dendritic endings that interact directly with food molecules are:
A
gustatory hairs
3
Q
The back of the tongue is innervated by which nerve?
A
glossopharyngeal
4
Q
The receptors for both taste and smell are:
A
chemoreceptors
5
Q
Olfactory sensory neurons are:
A
bipolar neurons
6
Q
What part of the receptor cell is stimulated by chemicals in the air?
A
olfactory cilia
7
Q
Olfactory nerves enter the cranium through the
A
cribiform plate
8
Q
Bipolar chemoreceptor cells that respond to chemicals in the air.
A
Olfactory sensory neurons
9
Q
Consists of axons of the olfactory receptor cells.
A
Olfactory nerve
10
Q
Chemoreceptor cells that respond to chemicals in food.
A
Gustatory epithelial cells
11
Q
Microscopic sensory organ for taste.
A
Taste bud
12
Q
Nerve fibers that carry impulses from olfactory receptor cells to the olfactory portion of cerebrum.
A
Olfactory tract
13
Q
Nerve that carries taste impulses from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue to the brain.
A
Facial nerve
14
Q
Large visible bumps on the surface of the tongue.
A
Papillae
15
Q
Enlarged end of olfactory tract located above the cribriform plate.
A
Olfactory bulb
16
Q
Lobe of the brain where taste is perceived.
A
Parietal lobe
17
Q
Lobe of the brain where smell is perceived.
A
Temporal lobe
18
Q
What muscle raises the eyelid?
A
levator palpebrae superioris
19
Q
The membrane on the surface of the eye is the
A
conjunctiva
20
Q
What antibacterial enzyme is found in lacrimal fluid?
A
lysozyme
21
Q
Which of these empties into the nasal cavity?
A
nasolacrimal duct
22
Q
Extrinsic muscles are:
A
skeletal muscle
23
Q
Which muscles control focusing of the lens?
A
ciliary
24
Q
Fibrous tunic of the eye?
A
Cornea, sclera
25
Vascular tunic of the eye?
Choroid, Iris, Ciliary body
26
Nervous tunic of the eye?
Retina
27
Which of these is NOT composed of muscle?
choroid
28
The ciliary zonula attaches to the
lens
29
The pupil gets smaller when these contract.
constrictor muscles
30
Which structure absorbs light to prevent scattering in the back of the eye?
choroid
31
The nervous tunic is composed of the:
retina
32
The cells for black-and-white vision are the:
rods
33
Axons of ganglion cells form the:
optic nerve
34
The blind spot of the eye is the
optic disc
35
The point of clearest vision is the:
fovea centralis
36
The cells closest to the choroid are the:
photoreceptors
37
The peripheral edges of the retina have mostly:
rods
38
The anterior cavity is filled with:
aqueous humor
39
Blockage of the scleral venous sinus causes:
glaucoma
40
The space between the lens and retina is filled with:
vitreous humor
41
Rods:
Black and white vision, sensitive to light, many around edges of retina
42
Cones:
Color vision, many in macula lutea, operate best in bright light, only type in fovea centralis
43
Which structure controls the focusing of the lens?
ciliary body
44
Which part of the vascular tunic controls the diameter of the pupil?
iris
45
In which order does light pass through the structures of the eye as it enters?
cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, retina
46
The term for the change which occurs in the shape of the lens to focus images on the retina is:
accommodation
47
Glaucoma can be caused by:
blockage of the scleral venous sinus
48
The transparent window in the front of the eye.
Cornea
49
The tough fibrous outer covering that forms the white of the eye
Sclera
50
The space between the cornea and lens
Anterior segment
51
The space between the lens and the retina.
Posterior segment
52
The biconcave, flexible structure behind the iris that focuses light on the retina.
Lens
53
The dark brown vascular layer that absorbs stray light and supplies the eye tunics with blood.
Choroid
54
The ring of muscle that encircles the lens and controls the degree of accommodation.
Ciliary body
55
The fluid in the anterior segment.
Aqueous humor
56
The structure responsible for draining fluid from the anterior segment.
Scleral venous sinus
57
The ring of smooth muscle that constricts and dilates to change the amount of light entering the eye
Iris
58
The gel-like material that fills the posterior segment.
Vitreous humor
59
The thin fibers that attach the lens to the ciliary body.
Ciliary zonula
60
The opening in the middle of the iris that allows light to enter the posterior segment.
Pupil
61
The inner layer of the eye composed of nervous tissue.
Retina
62
The pit directly behind the pupil that is the location where the sharpest image is formed.
Fovea centralis
63
The blind spot of the eye where nerve fibers converge to exit the back of the eye.
Optic disc
64
The nerve that carries visual information to the brain.
Optic nerve
65
The photoreceptor cells found in highest numbers in the fovea centralis; allow color vision.
Cones
66
The photoreceptor cells found in highest numbers around the periphery of the retina; provide black-and-white vision.
Rods
67
The system of membranous sacs and ducts in the inner ear filled with endolymph.
Membranous labyrinth
68
Series of interconnecting chambers in temporal bone filled with perilymph.
Bony labyrinth
69
Passageway that connects the middle ear with the throat; also called the eustachian tube.
Pharyngotympanic tube
70
Membrane that separates the middle ear from the external ear; vibrates when sound waves hit it.
Tympanic membrane
71
The outer, visible portion of the ear; also known as the pinna.
Auricle
72
The ear ossicle in contact with the oval window.
Stapes
73
The ear ossicle in contact with the tympanic membrane.
Malleus
74
The central ear ossicle that connects the other two.
Incus
75
The sensory receptor for hearing; this structure converts sound vibrations into nerve impulses.
Organ of Corti
76
The membrane that forms a base for the organ of Corti; its varying length fibers “tune” it.
Basilar membrane
77
The portion of the inner ear that houses the receptors for hearing.
Cochlea
78
The entrance to the cochlea which is occupied by the footplate of the stapes.
Oval window
79
The membrane that acts as a pressure valve to dissipate vibrations at the end of the scala tympani.
Round window
80
The passageway that carries sound waves to the tympanic membrane.
External acoustic meatus
81
Ring-shaped tunnels that are involved in sensing rotational acceleration.
Semicircular canals
82
The portion of the inner ear where the saccule and utricle are located; senses static equilibrium.
Vestibule
83
The branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carries sensations of hearing.
Cochlear nerve
84
The branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve that carries sensations of equilibrium.
Vestibular nerve
85
The sensory receptor for rotational acceleration; located in the semicircular canals.
Crista ampullaris
86
The sensory receptors for static equilibrium; located in the saccule and utricle.
Maculae
87
The portion of the ear that contains the ossicles and connects to the pharyngotympanic tube.
Middle ear
88
The portion of the ear that includes the vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea.
Inner ear
89
The portion of the ear that includes the auricle and external acoustic meatus.
Outer ear
90
Which branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve carries sensations of hearing?
cochlear
91
In which lobe is hearing perceived?
temporal
92
Something that prevents sound waves from reaching the organ of Corti would cause:
conduction deafness
93
The receptor for static equilibrium is the:
macula
94
Rotational acceleration is sensed in the:
semicircular canals
95
Motion in a straight line is mainly sensed by structures in the:
vestibule
96
The crista ampullaris would respond most strongly to:
spinning around
97
Which of these would be found in the macula?
otoliths
98
Nerve impulses for________are triggered by bending of hair cells.
hearing, static equilibrium, rotational acceleration
99
Which branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve carries sensations of equilibrium?
vestibular
100
What structure separates the outer ear and middle ear?
tympanic membrane
101
What is the function of the ear ossicles?
to transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
102
Which of these is between the stapes and the inner ear?
oval window
103
What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube?
to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere
104
Which of these is NOT a correct statement?
The bony labyrinth contains endolymph and the membranous labyrinth contains perilymph.
105
Which of these is NOT a correct match between a part of the inner ear and a structure it contains?
vestibule-crista ampullaris, and semicircular canals-utricle
