Ch. 22 Flashcards
Ampule
Small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition
Angiocath
Catheter inserted directly into the vein for drug administration
Bolus
Concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation
Buccal
Pertaining to the inside of the cheek
Drip infusion
Intravenous infusion of a large amount of fluid over a certain period
Enteral
Within the gastrointestinal tract
Extravasation
Discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue and tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote
Intra dermal
Within or between the layers of skin
Intramuscular
Within the muscle tissue
Intravenous
Within a vein
Intravenous Injection
Medicine that is delivered by intravenous push, (rapid delivery) or intravenous infusion (slow drip of medication over a period of time) directly into the vein
Parenteral or Parenterally
Drug administration by a route other than GI tract, typically by injection through the skin
Rectal
Inserted into the rectum
Subcutaneous
Beneath the skin
Sublingual
Beneath the tongue
Topical
Applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied
Transdermal
Entering through the skin
Venipuncture
Puncture of a vein
Vial
Small class bottle containing multiple doses of a drug
What are the five rights?
Right Drug
Right Amount
Right Patient
Right Time
Right Route
The metric system is based on units of ____ .
The most common units that a we may encounter are ___ , ___ , & ___ .
- 10
- Liter, Meter, Gram
What are liquids usually measured in?
Milliliter (mL) equivalent to a liter
List the four drug administration by Enteral Routes:
Oral
Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal
Oral administration, Explain what it is:
Can you hand a patient oral medication, then leave the room before they have taken it?
-Also known as PO (by mouth)
-Most common method of drug administration
-taken by mouth and swallowed, then absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GI)
The patient must be conscious and the head should be elevated
-Absorption time is longer
- NO, ensure meds are completely consumed before leaving the room
Define the sublingual route:
What is a common drug given using the sublingual route?
- The drug is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve. Drugs should not be swallowed
-Nitroglycerin
- This allows for rapid absorption
Define the Buccal route:
Most common buccal administered drug:
The drug is placed against the mucous membranes of the cheek of the upper or lower jaw for local dissolution and absorption
- Lozenge
Define rectal administration:
This is an option when the patient is not capable of taking a drug orally. The radiologic technologist will have little to no reason to administer a drug rectally.
Absorption rates vary and are difficult to gage effectiveness
The term parenteral means that the drug is administered by a route other than the GI tract, typically by ____
injection using a syringe or needle
What are the four routes that parenteral drugs can be administered?
- Intradermal (ID)
- Intramuscular (IM)
- With rapid onset of action, Subcutaneous (SQ or Sub-O)
- Intravenous (IV)
List the 3 parts of a syringe:
- Tip
- Barrel
- Plunger
List the 3 parts of the needle tip
- Hub
- Cannula or shaft
- Bevel
Ensure the bevel of the needle is always __ before insertion into the patient.
Up
For average-sized patients, What angle is used for subcutaneous injection?
45 degrees
What angle is used for intramuscular injection?
90-degree angle
If the drug is administered parenterally, what should be documented?
Site of injection
What is the most common legal problem where radiologic technologists are involved?
Errors associated with drug administration
Who has a published DO NOT USE list of abbreviations?
The Joint Commission
Enteral routes include: (4)
Oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal
Which is the most common method of drug administration?
Oral
What does PO mean?
By mouth
Where is the drug placed during a sublingual administration?
How long does absorption take?
Under the tongue
Rapid absorption
What is a common sublingual medication?
nitroglycerine
What is a common buccal drug given?
Lozenge
Parenteral drugs can be administered 4 different ways:
Intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous
Should you use an aseptic technique when drugs are administered with a needle?
YES!
Why is infection control so important when delivering drugs parenterally?
Breaking the skin’s protective covering with the needle increases the risk of infection
What 2 things can happen if a drug is injected incorrectly?
Nerve damage or introduce microorganisms
Name the 3 parts of a syringe:
The tip, the barrel, the plunger
Name the 3 parts of a needle:
The hub, the shaft, the bevel
What is the tip of a syringe?
Where the needle attaches
What is the plunger of a syringe?
The inside part that fits into the barrel
What is the barrel of a syringe?
Where the calibration scales are printed and what holds the medication
What is the hub of a needle?
The part that attaches to the syringe
What is the shaft of a needle?
The length of the metal part
What is the bevel of a needle?
The slanted part of the needle that separated the tissues for the needle to pass through
AC means:
Before Meals
Bid means:
Twice a day
Ć means:
With
Et means:
And
G means:
Gram
Gtt means:
Drop(s)
H means:
Hour
Hs means:
At bedtime
Hypo:
Hypodermic(ally)
IM:
Intramuscular (ly)
IV:
Intravenous(ly)
Routes of drug administration:
Enteral: Oral, Sublingual, Rectal
Parenteral
Topical
Inhalation
The most common unit of liquid medications is ____, which is equivalent to a liter.
Milliliter
Absorption time for oral administration is ___ because absorption takes places along the entire length of the GI tract.
Longer
Drugs administrated sublingual should not be _____. This route allows for ___ absorption for immediate onset of action.
- Swallowed
- Rapid
The parental method is a valuable method for administering drugs in an ____
Emergency!
All forms of parenteral administration require the use of __, ___, and __
Needle
Syringe
Container
What are the different types of syringes? (4)
Standard Hypodermic Syringe
Insulin Syringe
Tuberculin Syringe
Prefilled Syringe
The gauge (G) of a needle refers to:
Measuring from____
The thickness or diameter of the needle
- 14 to 28
The length of a needle refers to the:
Measuring from_____
Measurement in inches of the shaft portion
- 0.25 to 5 inches
The smaller the diameter of the shaft or the finer the needle is, the ____ the gauge number will be.
Larger
An _____ is a safer device compared with other systems to use when performing venipuncture.
Angiocath
____ bevel for intramuscular or subcutaneous injections.
Long
____ bevel for intravenous injection
Short
mg means:
Milligram
mL means:
Milliliter
mm means:
Millimeter
pc:
Aftermeals
qh:
q2h:
q3h:
qid:
Every Hour
Every Two Hours
Every Three Hours
Four Times a Day
SC means:
Subcutaneous
tid means:
three times a day
