Ch. 13 Flashcards
Base of Support
is the foundation on which a body rests
What term is used to describe the drop in blood pressure some patients experience when they stand up quickly?
Orthostatic hypotension
Where is the human center of gravity located, when a human is aligned in the anatomical position.
At approximately sacral level two w/ slight variations between men and women
What type (s) of transfers can be used to move a patient from a wheelchair to an examination table?
- Pivot
- Assisted Standing
- Standby Assist
Toward which side should all transfers be initiated?
Patient strong side
What causes patients to feel lightheaded, queasy, or faint when they stand up quickly from a sitting or supine position?
Decreased blood pressure
What term describes the hypothetical point around which all mass appears to be concentrated?
Center of gravity
If a patient arrives in a wheelchair and on a sling, which type of transfer is indicated?
Hydraulic lift
How can the base of support be in increased?
Standing with the legs apart, even with shoulders
What is the minimum number of persons to use for a cart to table transfer when no moving devices are available?
Three
Radiologic and imaging science professionals use four types of wheelchair transfers, what are they?
Standby assist
Assisted standing, pivot
Two person lift
Hydraulic lift
The US Department of Labor Statistics cities ____ , _____ , and other muscular skeletal injuries and disorders are the leading cause of disability for people in the healthcare industry
Sprains, Strains
The physical demands of the healthcare professional or similar to that of a:
Professional athlete
What are tendons? Where are some of the largest tendons found?
- White, fibrous connective tissue that attached muscle to bone
- Arms and legs
Tendons are surrounded by sheaths containing synovial fluid that……
lubricants the tendon and reduces friction
What are mobility muscles? Examples?
Muscles found in the limbs and typically have long white tendons that cross two or more joints
- Biceps and Hamstrings
What are stability muscles?
Muscles found in the torso and are usually large expanses of muscles that help support the torso
Body mechanics is:
The safe handling positioning of patients; begins with applying the laws of physics to the human body
WRMSD
Work related musculoskeletal disorders
What is the base of support?
Foundation on which the body rest
If a patient can transfer from a wheelchair to the imaging table on their own, how should you position the wheelchair?
45° angle to the table
If a patient cannot transfer independently, but can bear weight on their legs, what technique should you use?
Standing pivot
During a two person lift, the stronger person to lift the patients ______ and the weaker person should lift the patients _____
Torso, legs and feet
Center of gravity is a hypothetical point at which all the mass appears to be concentrated, gravitational forces appear to act on the entire body from this specific point,
In humans aligned in the anatomical position, the center of gravity is:
at the second level of the sacrum w/ slight variation between men and women
hydraulic lift
- used when someone is too heavy to lift manually
- a type of assistive device that uses hydraulic fluid to help move patients safely
WRMSD can be classified as ___ , ____ or _____ . Know what each of these stages is.
- Early; develop symptoms while working but have no pain after work or on their off days.
- Intermediate; have symptoms that occur during work, but they also persist after work.
- Late; symptoms are constantly present and the ability to preform even light work is painful and impaired.
Examples of commonly attached medical equipment?
- Oxygen tubing
- Intravenous lines
- Central lines
- Post surgical drains
- Urine bags (these HAVE to stay below bladder)
You can use two types of sheets for movement of a patient.
What are these methods?
1) Low Friction Plastic Sheet
2) Lateral Transfer; 2 sheets
To move a patient from a cart (stretcher) onto an examination table, position the cart alongside ______
the table on the patients strong side, or less affected side.
The cart must be wheeled as close to the table as possible and then secured.
Ergonomics
The study of persons efficiency in the working environment
What are symptoms of orthotic hypotension?
Dizziness, Fainting, Blurred Vision, Slurred Speech
How can the base of support be increased?
Standing with legs apart
What have long white tendons and cross two or more joints?
mobility muscles
When is orthostatic hypotension increasingly serious?
when patient has been laying in bed for a long period of time
How do you minimize orthostatic hypotension?
have the patient stand slowly, and talk during the transfer
When lifting a patient, is it important to:
Keep your back stationary and lift with your legs
Mobility muscles should be used for ____
Stability muscles should be used for ____
- Lifting
- Support
Standby Assist Transfer
Patients who have the ability to transfer from wheelchair to a table on their own. Position the wheelchair at a 45 degree angle to the table.
Assisted Standing Pivot Transfer:
For patients who cannot transfer independently, but can bear weight on their legs, a standing pivot technique is used.
Position the wheel try at a 45° angle to the table with the patient stronger side closest to the table
Pg. 168 has the steps listed
low friction plastic sheet enables…
health practitioners to slide, rather than lift their patient during a transfer
What is a component of physics, the laws of Newtonian mechanics, to living bodies at rest and in motion?
Biomechanics
What do the stability muscles have on them?
Thick, red muscles bellies
How do you perform a cart-to-table transfer without a moving device?
Draw Sheet
What are the muscles that are found in the four extremities and are designed for movement?
Examples?
- Mobility Muscles
- Biceps, femoris, biceps brachial, and gastrocnemius.