Ch. 19 Flashcards
Defecation
Evacuation of fecal material from the intestines
Emesis Basin
Kidney shaped vessels for the collection of vomitus
Enema
Liquid injected or to be injected into rectum
Enterostomal Therapist
Health professional, with special training and certification in the care of ostomy and related concerns
Flatus
Gas or air evacuated through the anus
Fowler Position
Position in which the patient’s head is raised 18 or 20 inches above the flat position, the knees are also raised
Loopogram
Radiographic evaluation of the small and large bowel that has been connected to the skin surface as a substitute for the urinary bladder with an ostomy
Low-Residue Diet
Diet that gives the least possible fecal, residue, such as gelatin, broth, rice
Lumen
Cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ
Nasogastric (NG) Tubes
Tubes of soft rubber or plastic inserted through the nostril and into the stomach, for installing liquid foods or other substances or withdrawing gastric contents
Ostomate
One who has undergone enterostomy or ureterostomy
Perineum
Region between the thighs, bound in the male by the scrotum and anus and the female by the Vulva and anus
Purgation
Relief of fecal matter affected by a cathartic
Sigmoidoscopy
Procedure used to see inside the semi colon and rectum with the flexible tube that has a camera at the end and is placed through the anus
Sims Position
Position in which the patient lies on the left side with the right knee and thigh, flexed in the left arm, parallel along the back
Virtual Colonoscopy
It is performed on a multi l-slice computed tomography scanner that takes up to 600 two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the colon in approximately 30
Viscosity
Physical property of liquids that determines the internal resistance to shear forces
If the patient is cramping during a barium enema, what should be done?
Stop the enema and have the patient utilize deep oral breathing
How far do you insert the tip of a barium enema on a patient?
1 to 1 and one-half inches
Why do we perform cleansing enemas?
To help eliminate waste when a patient can not do it on their own
If a patient has a fracture or disability that makes using a bed pan difficult. A _ can be used instead
Fracture pan
What are the 5 steps for changing a dressing?
- Wash hands
- Remove dressing with gloved hands and place it in a bag
- Reapply after engaging in a sterile technique
- Tape is cut in lengths needed but not placed on the sterile field
- Gloves are put on and dressing is applied and hands are washed again
What are the two things you should not do regarding a sterile field?
- Do not reach across a sterile field
- Do not flip or toss objects on the sterile field
What position is the patient placed in for an NG tube insertion?
High fowlers
An NG tube enters through the _ into the stomach
nasopharynx
Double-contrast barium enema:
Single contrast barium enema:
- Consists of both barium and air
- just barium
Desirable characteristics of a barium suspension include:
1. rapid flow
2. good mucosal adhesion
3. thick layering
rapid flow
good mucosal adhesion
What should be told to the patient after they receive barium?
- Stools are typically white or light-colored until all of the barium is expelled
- Patient should increase fluid intake and dietary fiber for several days unless medically contraindicated and should rest after the examination
The most common types of nasogastric tubes is:
Levin
Can you clamp a double-lumen tube?
How can leakage from a double-lumen tube be prevented?
- No, you cannot clamp a double-lumen tube!
- Use a barrel of a piston-like syringe
Bedpans should be:
sterilized between uses
Hypertonic solution is used when:
the patient cannot tolerate large amounts of fluids
A postural drop in blood pressure can occur after a barium enema as a result of
Dehydration
The normal adult patient should be able to tolerate how much fluid from a cleansing enema?
500 mL
With a double-barrel colostomy, the proximal stoma delivers ____ and the distal stoma delivers ____
stool/mucus
Approximately what percentage of colostomy patients has recurrences of cancer?
10%
Where is an Nasogastric (NG) tube inserted? What are they used for?
Plastic or rubber tubes inserted through the nasopharynx into the stomach.
Primarily used for administration of medication and gastric decompression or removal of flats and fluids from the stomach after intestinal obstruction or major trauma
What is the most common NG Tube?
Levin Tube
What are the different types of enemas called?
- Tap water (hypotonic)
- Fleet enema (hypertonic)
- Safest enema for infants (saline)
- Hypertonic Solutions
- Soap suds solutions
Give some examples of why we would perform a contrast enema examination?
- Diverticular Diseases
- Inflammatory bowl disease
- Colon cancer screening
- Polyps
- Incomplete colonoscopy
How high should barium bags be suspended above the table?
24-30 inches
Most aspects of bowel preparations consist of the following:
-Dietary restrictions usually in the form of minimal or low residue; restricting foods that increase bowel activity such as milk products
-Purgation; using a variety of laxatives to evacuate fecal material from the bowel
-Hydration; a clear liquid diet as often prescribed for the 24 hour period before a barium examination
-Cleansing enemas; this technique is a liquid treatment most commonly used to relieve severe constipation. This process helps to eliminate waste when individual cannot do so on their own. (Tapwater, saline solutions, hypertonic, solutions, and soap, sudd solutions)
Barium minimum is administered in a examination to investigate an aid in the Diagnosis of pathological conditions that may affect the ____ or _____
Colon or lower gastrointestinal track; single-contrast or double-contrast barium enemas may be ordered
The catheter end of a barium enema may have a ____ tip or an _____ attached
Plain Tip or Inflatable cuff (balloon)
Postprocedural instructions after barium enemas:
-barium has hydroscopic qualities, which means that it will absorb fluid from the valve, which can cause dehydration
-stools are typically white or light colored until all of the barium is expelled, if there is a lack of bowel movement within 24 hours after the study contact personal physician
-the patient should increase fluid intake and dietary fiber for several days and less medically contraindicated and should be instructed to rest after the examination
Approximately what percent of patients have their bowels removed owing to the reinsurance of their cancer?
10%
Hypertonic solution is used when a patient _____
Cannot tolerate large amounts of liquid
What is the atomic number of barium?
56
