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Building a Medical Vocabulary > Ch. 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Flashcards

Diseases an disorders: Diagnostic and therapeutic terms

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Vocab Builder flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Illness

A

An abnormal process in which aspects of social, physical, emotional, or intellectual condition or function of a person are diminished or impaired, with general term for impairment being disease, and specific illness being considered disease or disorders

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2
Q

Idiopathic disease

A

A disease that develops without an apparent or known cause

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3
Q

Iatrogenic disorder

A

An unfavorable response to medical treatment

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4
Q

Iatr(o)

A

Pertaining to physician or treatment

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5
Q

Idi(o)

A

Pertaining to individual

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6
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

A hospital acquired infection that was not present or incubating before the patient’s admission to the hospital and is acquired 72 hours after admission

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7
Q

Congenital

A

Conditions that exist at, or before, birth

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8
Q

Anomaly

A

A deviation from what is considered normal, typically as a result of congenital defects

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9
Q

Biohazard label

A

Laboratories, doctors’ offices, and other organizations that work with possible disease causing organisms and/or radiation that require special conditions for containment

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10
Q

Contagious/communicable

A

The capability of a pathogenic organism to be transmitted from one individual to another

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11
Q

Infection

A

Invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

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12
Q

Septicemia/sepsis

A

An infection that has spread to the circulating blood from any part of the body

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13
Q

3 major bacterial classifications based on shape

A

Cocci, bacili (rod), spirilla

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14
Q

C&S test

A

Culture and sensitivity test, an antibiotic sensitivity test performed on bacteria cultured artificially in a petri dish to then determine which antibiotics are effective against that particular pathogen

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15
Q

What type of infection is hepatitis?

A

Viral

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16
Q

What type of infection is fever blisters?

A

Viral

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17
Q

What type of infection is HPV?

A

Viral

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18
Q

What type of infection is herpes?

A

Viral

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19
Q

What type of infection is infectious mononucleosis?

A

Viral

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20
Q

What type of infection is measles?

A

Viral

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21
Q

What type of infection is mumps?

A

Viral

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22
Q

What type of infection is pneumonia?

A

Viral or bacterial

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23
Q

What type of infection is poliomyleitis?

A

Viral

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24
Q

What type of infection is smallpox?

A

Viral

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25
Q

What type of infection is tetanus?

A

Bacterial

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26
Q

What type of infection is diptheria?

A

Bacterial

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27
Q

What type of infection is meningitis?

A

Bacterial or viral

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28
Q

What type of infection is whooping cough?

A

Bacterial

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29
Q

What type of infection is TB?

A

Bacterial

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30
Q

What type of infection is typhoid fever?

A

Bacterial

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31
Q

What type of infection is malaria?

A

Protozoa

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32
Q

What type of infection is trichomoniasis?

A

Protozoa

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33
Q

Angioma

A

A benign tumor made of blood or lymphatic vessels

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34
Q

Neoplasm

A

Any new abnormal growth in the body, benign or malignant

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35
Q

Carcinoma

A

A cancerous tumor

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36
Q

Herniation/Hernia

A

Protrusion of all or part of an organ through an abnormal opening

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37
Q

Encephalocele

A

Herniation of part of the brain through an opening in the skull

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38
Q

Adenopathy

A

Enlargement of a gland

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39
Q

-ptosis

A

Prolapse or sagging

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40
Q

Blepharoptosis

A

Sagging of an eyelid

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41
Q

-lith

A

Calculus or stone

42
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane that lines abdominal pelvic cavities

43
Q

Cephalometry

A

Measurement of the dimensions of the head, typically done via cephalometer

44
Q

Epilepsy

A

A group of neurologic disorders characterized by seizures

45
Q

-phasia

A

Speech

46
Q

-Plegia

A

Paralysis

47
Q

-Plasia

A

Formation or development

48
Q

Schiz(o)

A

Split or cleft

49
Q

Sclerosis

A

Hardening

50
Q

Albinism

A

A hereditary condition where the skin and hair appear white because of a lack of pigmentation with melanin

51
Q

Melanin

A

Black or dark brown pigment that naturally occurs in the hair, skin, and eyes

52
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of skin and mucus membrane caused by deficiency of oxygen in blood

53
Q

Jaundice/Xanthoderma

A

Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucus membrane, and sclera of eye caused by increased amount of bilirubin in blood

54
Q

Leading causes of death in US

A

1) Heart disease

2) Cancer

55
Q

Remission

A

Disappearance of characteristics of malignant tissue

56
Q

Diagnosis

A

Identification of disease or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, tests, and procedures

57
Q

Prognosis

A

Predicted outcome of a disease

58
Q

Sign

A

Definitive evidence of illness or disordered function

59
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective evidence perceived by the patient

60
Q

-Penia

A

Deficiency

61
Q

Malacia

A

Softening

62
Q

Blephar(o)

A

Petaining to eyelid

63
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Parasitic disease that obstructs lymphatic vessels in the body causing extreme edema

64
Q

Stasis

A

Stopping or controlling

65
Q

Steth(o)

A

Pertaining to the chest

66
Q

Palpation

A

Using hands to feel the location or size of an object

67
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping

68
Q

Ascultation

A

Listening to sounds from the heart and lungs, typically with a stethoscope

69
Q

Ambulatory

A

The ability to walk

70
Q

Difference between electrocardiogram and electrocardiograph

A

Gram is the record produced in the procedure, graph is the instrument used

71
Q

Biopsy

A

Examination of tissue from the living body

72
Q

Aspiration

A

Drawing in or out via suction

73
Q

Endoscope

A

Optic instrument for visualization of the interior of a body cavity either through natural opening or incision

74
Q

Catheter

A

Hollow, flexible tube inserted into cavity of body

75
Q

Radiograph

A

An X ray image

76
Q

Radiopaque

A

Substances that do not permit the passage of x rays

77
Q

Radiolucent

A

Substances that readily permit passage of x rays

78
Q

CT/CAT scan

A

Computer assisted tomography, technique to produce detailed image of cross section of tissue non invasively

79
Q

MRI scan

A

Magnetic resonance imaging, noninvasive technique for visualizing internal structures using magnetic properties of chemical elements in the body

80
Q

Ultrasound

A

Process of imaging deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high frequency sound wave reflected as echoes from tissue interfaces

81
Q

Cryotherapy and thermotherapy

A

Treatment with cold and hot temperatures

82
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects

83
Q

Antiseptic

A

Substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms without necessarily killing them

84
Q

Analgesic

A

A type of pharmaceutical that stops sensitivity to pain

85
Q

Laproscopy

A

Endoscopic viewing of the abdomen

86
Q

-Centesis

A

Puncture

87
Q

-Ectomy

A

Partial or total excision

88
Q

-Lysis

A

Destruction or splitting

89
Q

-tripsy

A

Surgical crushing

90
Q

-pexy

A

Surgical fastening or fixating

91
Q

-tomy

A

Making an incision

92
Q

-stomy

A

Creation of a small opening

93
Q

-rrpaphy

A

Suturing

94
Q

a.c. abbreviation

A

Before meals

95
Q

ad lib abbreviation

A

Freely as needed

96
Q

b.i.d. abbreviation

A

Twice a day

97
Q

NPO abbreviation

A

Nothing by mouth

98
Q

OTC abbreviation

A

Over the counter, drugs that can be obtained without a prescription

99
Q

p.o. abbreviation

A

Orally

100
Q

PRN abbreviation

A

As needed

101
Q

Rx abbreviation

A

Prescription

Building a Medical Vocabulary (15 decks)

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