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Building a Medical Vocabulary > Ch. 11 > Flashcards

Ch. 11 Flashcards

Nervous system

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Vocab Builder flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

2 types of nervous systems

A

1) Somatic (voluntary)

2) Autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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2
Q

Dendr(o)

A

Pertaining to tree or dendrite

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3
Q

Gli(o)

A

Pertaining to neuroglia

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4
Q

Reflex arc

A

Conduction of nerve impulses in an automatic, involuntary response to some change either inside or outside the body

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5
Q

DTR abbreviation and definition

A

Deep tendon reflex - an assessment of a reflex arc to determine the functioning of the system

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6
Q

Myel(o)

A

Pertaining to the spinal cord, or bone marrow

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7
Q

2 parts of the diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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8
Q

Intrathecal injection

A

An injection into the subarachnoid space for diffusion of contrast material throughout the spinal fluid

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9
Q

of pairs of spinal nerves that arise from the spinal cord

A

31

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10
Q

Sciatica

A

Neuralgia along the course of the sciatic nerve

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11
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A

Standardized system for assessing the degree of conscious impairment in the critical ill and for predicting the duration and ultimate outcome of the coma

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12
Q

Stupor

A

Condition where a patient is being vaguely aware of environment

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13
Q

Coma

A

Condition where patient does not appear to be aware of environment

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14
Q

Encephalography

A

Radiography of brain by withdrawal and replacement of CSF by a gas, only used when CT and MRI are not definitive because of risks

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15
Q

PET Scan abbreviation and definition

A

Positron emission tomography, computerized nuclear medicine technique that uses radioactive substances to assess the function of various body structures particularly the brain

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16
Q

Superficial reflex

A

A reflex test evaluated by stimulation of the skin

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17
Q

-Asthenia

A

Pertaining to weakness

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18
Q

-Lexia

A

Pertaining to words or phrases

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19
Q

-Orexia

A

Pertaining to hunger

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20
Q

-Algesia, -Esthesia

A

Sensitivity to pain

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21
Q

Pseudoesthesia

A

False sensation in absence of appropriate stimulus

22
Q

Contusion

A

Bruising

23
Q

Encephalomyelopathy

A

Disease involving the brain and spinal cord

24
Q

Carpoptosis

A

Wristdrop, in which nerve damage results in a hand remaining in flexed position at the wrist without the ability to be extended

25
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficult, poorly articulated speech

26
Q

Epidural hematoma

A

Accumulation of blood in the epidural space, compressing the dura mater and the brain

27
Q

Subdural hematoma

A

Accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid, often result of arachnoid tear

28
Q

Intracerebral hematoma

A

Bleeding within the brain itself, associated with cerebral tear, high mortality rate

29
Q

TIA abbreviation and definition

A

Transient ischemic attack, caused by a brief interuption of cerebral blood flow

30
Q

Bell palsy

A

Acute paralysis of a cranial nerve affecting one side of the face

31
Q

Diplegia

A

Paralysis of similar parts on both sides of the body

32
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of the body

33
Q

Monoplegia

A

Paralysis on one limb

34
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all 4 extremities

35
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Motor function disorder caused by permanent, nonprogressive brain defect present at birth

36
Q

Huntington chorea

A

Hereditary disorder causing progressive mental status change leading to dimentia and rapid, jerky movements

37
Q

Epilepsy

A

Group of neurologic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, and loss of consciousness

38
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slow movement

39
Q

ALS abbreviation and definition

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, atrophy of hands, forearms, and legs resulting in paralys sand death

40
Q

MS abbreviation and definition

A

Progressive degenerative disease that affects the myelin sheath and conduction pathways of the CNS

41
Q

Dementia

A

Confusion, disorientation, deterioration of memory and intellectual ability, several forms exist

42
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

A subtype of dementia leading to confusion, memory failure, disorientation, and inability to carry out purposeful activities

43
Q

Autism

A

Withdrawal and impaired development in social interaction and communication

44
Q

Pseudomania

A

False or pretended mental disorder

45
Q

Burr hole

A

Opening into the cranium with a drill to remove localized fluid or blood beneath the dura

46
Q

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

A

Creation of a passageway between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum for the draiing of CSF from the brain

47
Q

Neuroraphy

A

Suturing of a nerve

48
Q

Sympathectomy

A

Surgical procedure in which one or more sympathetic nerves are severed

49
Q

TENS abbreviation and definition

A

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - pain control method by application of electric impulses to the nerve endings

50
Q

Vagotomy

A

Severing of various branches of the vagus nerve to reduce the amount of acid secreted in the stomach

Building a Medical Vocabulary (15 decks)

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