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Building a Medical Vocabulary > Ch. 10 > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system

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Vocab Builder flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Diaphysis

A

Thick long shaft of a long bone

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2
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded portions of bone at the end of the diaphysis

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3
Q

Myel(o)

A

Pertaining to bone marrow

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4
Q

Rachi(o)

A

Pertaining to vertebral or spinal column

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5
Q

Spondyl(o)

A

Pertaining to vertebrae

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6
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Opening at the base of skull through which the spinal cord passes

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7
Q

Cranial bones

A 
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
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8
Q

Facial bones

A 
Maxilla
Zygomatic
Mandible
Nasal
Palatine
Inferior nasal concha
Lacrimal
Vomer
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9
Q

Fontanels

A

Soft spaces covered by tough membranes between the soft bones of the skull in an infant

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10
Q

Calcane(o)

A

Pertaining to the calcaneus

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11
Q

Hypertonicity

A

Abnormally increased muscle tone or strength

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12
Q

Extension

A

Movement that straightens a limb

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13
Q

Flexion

A

Movement that bends a limb

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14
Q

Abduction

A

Draw away from the midline of the body

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15
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body

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16
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a bone around its own axis

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17
Q

Supination

A

Rotation palm upward

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18
Q

Pronation

A

Rotation palm downward

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19
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward

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20
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward

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21
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of a limb

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22
Q

Bone densitometry

A

Determines bone mass with a machine that measures how well rays penetrate bone

23
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Therapeutic or diagnostic procedural spinal tap

24
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Surgical puncture of a joint with a needle

25
Q

ANA test abbreviation and definition

A

Antinuclear antibody test, used to diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases

26
Q

Calciuria

A

Presence of calcium in urine

27
Q

RF test abbreviation and definiton

A

Rheumatoid factor, a test for rheumatoid arthritis

28
Q

Arthr(o)

A

Pertaining to joint

29
Q

Ankyl(o)

A

Pertaining to stiff

30
Q

Schler(o)

A

Pertaining to hardening

31
Q

Troph(o)

A

Pertaining to nutrition

32
Q

-asthenia

A

Pertaining to weakness

33
Q

-sarcoma

A

Malignant tissue derived from connective tissue

34
Q

Myalgia or Myodynia

A

Muscular pain

35
Q

Strain/sprain/dislocation/fracture

A

Muscular damage from excessive force, traumatic injury to tendons or muscles or ligaments around a joint, displacement of a bone from a joint, break in a bone

36
Q

Compression fracture

A

Bone break caused by excessive vertical force, leading to bone pieces to move out in horizontal directions and affected bone collapses

37
Q

Compound/open fracture

A

Broken bone causing an external wound through the skin

38
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Bone break where fragment is firmly driven into fractured end of another fragment

39
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone break into many small fragments

40
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Bone break from twisted apart

41
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Bone break right angle to the axis of the bone

42
Q

CTS abbreviation

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

43
Q

Hallux

A

Means big toe

44
Q

Joint crepitus

A

Cracking sound when bones rub against each other or roughened cartilge

45
Q

Osteopenia

A

Reduced bone mass

46
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Infection of bone and bone marrow caused by organisms introduced by trauma or surgery, from another infection, or via bloodstream

47
Q

Spinal bifida

A

Congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine

48
Q

Syndactyly

A

Congenital anomaly marked by webbing between adjacent digits

49
Q

Gout

A

Systemic disease causing build up of urate crystals to deposit into joints, myocardium, kidney, ears, causing inflammation

50
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities, and face

51
Q

Myasthenia

A

muscle weakness

52
Q

Spondylosyndesis

A

Spinal fusion

53
Q

Arthroclasia

A

Artificial breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

54
Q

DMARDs abbreviation and definition

A

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, modify the course of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, slowing progression of disease

Building a Medical Vocabulary (15 decks)

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