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Hematology 2 > Ch. 18 - Anemias: Red Blood Cell Morphology and Approach to Diagnosis (RVSP) > Flashcards

Ch. 18 - Anemias: Red Blood Cell Morphology and Approach to Diagnosis (RVSP) Flashcards

0
Q

2 classical symptoms of anemia

A
  • fatigue

- shortness of breath

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1
Q

2 important components in making clinical diagnosis of anemia

A
  • history

- physical examination

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2
Q

Condition having a symptom of pica

A

Iron deficiency

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3
Q

Having cravings for unusual substances

A

Pica

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4
Q

Craving for ice

A

Pagophagia

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5
Q

Shift in the oxygen dissociation curve caused by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

A

Shift to the right (decreased oxygen affinity of Hb)

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6
Q

Percent of RBCs removed per day due to senescence

A

1%

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7
Q

Marrow erythroid proliferative activity

A

Erythropoiesis

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8
Q

Production of erythroid progenitor cells that are defective

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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9
Q

3 examples of conditions for ineffective erythropoiesis

A
  • megaloblastic anemia
  • thalassemia
  • sideroblastic anemia
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10
Q

A decrease in the number of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow

A

Insufficient erythropoiesis

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11
Q

Measure of the average RBC volume in femtoliters (fL)

A

MCV

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12
Q

Most important RBC indice to detect anemia

A

MCV

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13
Q

Unit for MCV

A

Femtoliters (fL)

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14
Q

An RBC volume frequency distribution curve

A

RBC histogram

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15
Q

With normal population of RBCs, the distribution of the RBC histogram is approximately ___________

A

Gaussian

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16
Q

Shift in the RBC histogram due to microcytosis

A

Left shift

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17
Q

Shift in the RBC histogram due to macrocytosis

A

Right shift

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18
Q

Causes widening of the curve of the RBC histogram

A

Anisocytosis

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19
Q

The coefficient of variation of RBC volume expressed as a percentageq

A

RDW

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20
Q

Indicates the variation in RBC volume within th epopulation measured

A

RDW

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21
Q

Important tool to assess the bone marrow’s ability to increase RBC production in response to an anemia

A

Reticulocyte count

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22
Q

Young RBCs lacking a nucleus but still containing residual RNA

A

Reticulocytes

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23
Q

Adult reference range for reticulocyte count

A

0.5 - 1.5%

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24
Newborn reference range for retic count
1.5 - 5.8%
25
Reference range for absolute retic count
25-75 x 10^9/L
26
Average normal hematocrit
45
27
Abnormal variation in RBC volume or diameterq
Anisocytosis
28
Large RBC (>8 um in diameter), MCV >100 fL
Macrocyte
29
Large oval RBC
Oval macrocyte
30
Small RBC (MCV <6 um in diameter)
Microcyte
31
Abnormal variation in RBC shape
Poikilocytosis
32
Small, round, dense RBC with no central pallow
Spherocyte
33
Elliptical (cigar-shaped)/oval (egg-shaped) RBC
Elliptocyte/ovalocyte
34
RBC with slitlike area of central pallor
Stomatocyte
35
Thin, dense, elongated RBC pointed at each end
Sickle cell (drepanocyte)
36
Hexagonal crystal of dense Hb formed within the RBC membrane
Hb C crystal
37
Fingerlike or quartzlike crystal of dense Hb protruding from the RBC membrane
Hb SC crystal
38
RBC with Hb concentrated in the center and around the periphery resembling a target
Codocyte (target cell)
39
Fragmented RBC due to rupture in the peripheral circulation
Schistocyte (schizocyte)
40
RBC fragment in the shape of a helmet
Keratocyte (bite cell/helmet cell)
41
RBC with membrane folded over
Folded cell
42
Small, dense RBC with few irregularly spaced projections of varying length
Acanthocyte (spur cell)
43
RBC with blunt or pointed, short projections that are usually evenly spaced over the surface of the cell
Burr cell (echinocyte)
44
RBC with a single pointed extension resembling a teardrop or pear
Dacryocyte (teardrop cell)
45
Diffuse basophilia composed of
RNA
46
Basophilic stippling (punctate basophilia) composed of
Precipitated RNA
47
Howell-Jolly body composed of
DNA (nuclear fragment)
48
Heinz body composed of
Denatured Hb
49
Pappenheimer bodies composed of
Non-heme iron
50
Cabot ring composed of
Mitotic spindle remnants
51
Hb H composed of
Precipitated ß chains of Hb
52
Used to investigate the presence of inappropriately low retic count and a microcytic anemia
Iron studies
53
2 assays helpful in investigsting a low retic count with a macrocytic anemia
- vitamin B12 assay | - serum folate assay
54
Test used to differentiate autoimmune hemolytic anemias from hemolytic anemias of othe causes
Direct antiglobulin test
55
Anemia characterized by an MCV of less than 80 fL with small RBCs
Microcytic anemia
56
Most common cause of microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
57
Anemia characterized by an MCV greater than 100 fL with large RBCs
Macrocytic anemia
58
2 types of macrocytic anemias
Megaloblastic | Nonmegaloblastic
59
Type of macrocytic anemia caused by impairment of DNA synthesis
Megaloblastic anemia
60
3 causes of megaloblastic anemia
- vitamin B12 deficiency - folate deficiency - myelodysolasia
61
Type of macrocytic anemia where the nuclear maturation lags behind cytoplasmic development
Megaloblastic anemia
62
Anemia that causes vitamin B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
63
Causes folate deficiency
Malabsorption secondary to inflammatory bowel disease
64
2 characteristics of megaloblastic anemia in peripheral blood
- oval macrocytes | - hypersegmented neutrophils
65
Characteristic of megaloblastic anemia in bone marrow
megaloblasts
66
Type of macrocytic anemia where there ae membrane changes due to disruption of the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio
Nonmegaloblastic anemia
67
2 conditions where nonmegaloblastic anemia is commonly seen
- chronic liver disease | - bone marrow failure
68
Anemia with MCV in the range of 80-100 fL
Normocytic anemia

Hematology 2 (12 decks)

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