Ch. 14: Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

Physical dependence

Answer 1

Need for increasing amounts of substance to produce the desired effects

Question 2

Psychological dependence

Answer 2

Overwhelming desire to repeat the use of a particular drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort

Question 3

Substance addiction

Answer 3

> Use of the substance w/ ability to fulfill role obligations
Attempts to cut down/control use fail
Intense craving for the substance
Excessive amount of time spent trying to procure the substance or recover from its use
Engage in hazardous activities when impaired by the substance

Question 4

_______ causes the person difficulty w/ interpersonal relationships or to become socially isolated

Answer 4

Substance abuse

Question 5

_____ develops and the amount required to achieve the desired effect increases

Answer 5

tolerance

Question 6

___________ occur upon discontinuation of use

Answer 6

substance-specific symptoms

Question 7

Substance induced disorders

Answer 7

> Substance intoxication
Substance withdrawal

Question 8

Addiction is

Answer 8

> Chronic
Stigmatized

Question 9

Substance intoxication

Answer 9

> Development of a reversible syndrome of symptoms following excessive use of a substance
Direct effects on the CNS
Disruption in physical and psychological functioning
Judgement is disturbed and social and occupational functioning is impaired

Question 10

Substance withdrawal

Answer 10

> Development of symptoms that occurs upon abrupt reduction or discontinuation of a substance that has been used
Symptoms are specific to the substance that had been used
Disruption in physical and psychological functioning

Question 11

Classes of Psychoactive Substances

Answer 11

> Alcohol
Caffeine
Cannabis
Hallucinogens
Inhalants
Opioids
Sedatives/hypnotics
Stimulants
Tobacco

Question 12

People can’t fake…

Answer 12

Tremor on tongue

Question 13

Predisposing factors

Answer 13

> Biological factors
Psychological factors
Sociocultural factors

Question 14

Biological factors: Genetics

Answer 14

Apparent hereditary factor, particularly w/ alcoholism

Question 15

Biological factors: Biochemical

Answer 15

Alcohol may produce morphine-like substances in the brain that are responsible for alcohol addiction

Question 16

Psychological factors: Personality factors

Answer 16

Certain personality traits are thought to increase a tendency toward addictive behavior

Question 17

Psychological factors: Cognitive factors

Answer 17

Irrational thinking patterns have long been identified as a problem that is central in addiction

Question 18

Sociocultural factors: Social learning

Answer 18

> Children and adolescents are more likely to use substances w/ parents who provide models for substance use
also w/i peer groups

Question 19

Sociocultural factors: Conditioning

Answer 19

Pleasurable effects from substance use act as a positive reinforcement for continued use of substance

Question 20

Sociocultural factors: Cultural and ethnic influences

Answer 20

Some cultures are more prone to substance abuse than others

Question 21

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 1

Answer 21

Pre-alcoholic phase: Characterized by use if alcohol to relives everyday stress and tension of life

Question 22

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 2

Answer 22

Early alcoholic phase: Begins w/ blackouts-brief periods of amnesia that occurs during or immediately following periods of drinking; alcohol is not required by the person

Question 23

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 3

Answer 23

The crucial phase: Person has lost control; physiological dependence is clearly evident

Question 24

Alcohol use disorder: Patterns of use, Phase 4

Answer 24

The chronic phase: emotional and physical disintegration. The person usually intoxicated more often than sober

Question 25

Peripheral nerve damage s/s

Answer 25

> pain > Burning > Tingling > Prickly sensations of the extremities

Question 26

Alcoholic myopathy

Answer 26

Thought to result from same B vit deficiency that contributes to peripheral neuropathy

Question 27

Acute alcoholic myopathy

Answer 27

Sudden onset of muscle pain, swelling and weakness, reddish tinge to the urine, rapid rise in muscle enzymes in the blood

Question 28

Chronic alcoholic myopathy

Answer 28

Gradual wasting and weakness in skeletal muscles

Question 29

Wernicke's encephalopathy

Answer 29

Most serious form of thiamine deficiency in alcoholics

Question 30

Korsakoff's psychosis

Answer 30

syndrome of confusion, loss of recent memory, and confabulation in alcoholics

Question 31

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Answer 31

effect of alcohol on the heart is an accumulation of lipids in the myocardial cells, resulting in enlargement and weakened condition

Question 32

Effects of alcohol on the body

Answer 32

> Esophagitis > Gastritis > Alcohol-associated Pancreatitis > Alcohol-associated hepatitis > Cirrhosis of the liver > Leukopenia > Thrombocytopenia > Sexual dysfunction > Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 33

Alcohol intoxication

Answer 33

Occurs at blood alcohol levels between 100-200 mg/dL (alcohol poisoning = above 200

Question 34

Alcohol withdrawal

Answer 34

Occurs within 4-12 hrs of cessation of or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use

Question 35

Sedative/hypnotic use disorder

Answer 35

> Barbiturates > Nonbarbiturate hypnotics > Antianxiety agents > Club drugs

Question 36

Sedative/hypnotic intoxication

Answer 36

With these central nervous system (CNS) depressants, effects can range from disinhibition and aggressiveness to coma and death (with increasing dosages of the drug).

Question 37

Sedative/hypnotic withdrawal

Answer 37

onset of symptoms depends on the half life of the drug from which the person is withdrawing

Question 38

Stimulant use disorder patterns of use: effects on the body

Answer 38

 CNS effects  Cardiovascular effects  Pulmonary effects  Gastrointestinal and renal effects  Sexual functioning