Ch 14 Lymphatic Vocabulary Flashcards
adaptive immunity
ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them; humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated immunity (T cells)
adenoids
mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
antibody
protein substance produced by B cells to destroy antigens
antigen
substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells
axillary nodes
lymph nodes in the armpit
B cell (B lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bursa of Fabricius, an organ in birds in which B cell differentiation and growth were first noted to occur.
cell-mediated immunity
T cells (cytotoxic, helper, and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity
cervical nodes
lymph nodes in the neck region
complement system
proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
cytokines
proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction (interferons and interleukins)
cytotoxic T cell
lymphocyte that directly kills antigen; CD8-positive T cell
dendritic cell
antigen-presenting cell; shows T and B cells where to attack
helper T cell
lymphocyte that aids B cell and stimulates T cells; CD4-positive T cell
humoral immunity
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
immunity
body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organs; natural and adaptive immunity
immunoglobulin
antibodies (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD) secreted by plasma cells (mature B cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
immunotherapy
use of immune cells, antibodies or vaccines to treat or prevent disease
inguinal nodes
lymph nodes in the groin region
interferons
proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
interleukins
proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes
interstitial fluid
fluid in the spaces between cells; this fluid becomes lymph when it enters the lymph capillaries
lymph
thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means clear spring water
lymph capillaries
tiniest lymphatic vessels
lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
lymph nodes
collections of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) that fight infection
lymph vessel
carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty into veins in the upper part of the chest
macrophages
large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
mesenteric nodes
lymph nodes in the mesentery
monoclonal antibody
antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy
natural immunity
protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and NK cells. It is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory
paraaortic nodes
lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area
plasma cells
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies; matures from B lymphocytes
right lymphatic duct
lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body; empties lymph a large vein in the neck
spleen
organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood
suppressor T cell
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells, also called a Treg (regulatory T cell)
T cell (T lymphocyte)
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
tolerance
the ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. Once tolerance is established , the immune system will not react against the body
thoracic duct
large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body (head, neck, arm, and chest). empties lymph into the large veins in the neck
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions T cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune system
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
toxin
poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals or plants
vaccination
exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response; response will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against protection
