Ch. 11 Cardiovascular Vocabulary Flashcards
aorta
largest artery in the body
apex of the heart
lower tip of the heart
arteriole
small artery
artery
largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
atrioventricular bundle
bundle of His
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
atrioventricular node
AV node
specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles
atrium
plural: atria
upper chambers of the heart
capillary
smallest blood vessel; materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls
carbon dioxide
Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
coronary arteries
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle
deoxygenated blood
blood that is oxygen poor
diastole
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
electrocardiogram
record of the electricity flowing through the heart. The electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
endothelium
innermost lining of the blood vessels
mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
murmur
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
myocardium
muscular, inner layer of the heart
normal sinus rhythm
heart rhythm originating in the SA node;
rate 60 to 100 beats per minute
oxygen
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
pacemaker
sinoatrial node
specialized nerve tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. An artificial cardiac pacemaker in an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning
pericardium
double-layer membrane surrounding the heart
pulmonary artery
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary circulation
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
pulmonary valve
valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulse
beat of the heart felt through the walls of the artery
septum
plural: septa
partition or wall dividing a cavity
interatrial septum
between right and left atrium
interventricular septum
between right and left ventricles
sinoatrial node
SA node
pacemaker of the heart
sphygmomanometer
instrument to measure blood pressure
systemic circulation
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to the body tissues
systole
contraction phase of the heartbeat
tricuspid valve
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; has three cusps
valve
structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
vein
thin-walled vessel that carried blood from the body tissues and lungs back to the heart. Veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood
vena cava
plural: venae cavae
largest vein in the body. Returns blood to the right atrium
ventricle
lower heart chambers
venule
small vein
