Ch. 14

Question 1

The science that examines the effects of poisonous substances on humans and other organisms.

Answer 1

Toxicology

Question 2

A toxic substance or poison.

Answer 2

Toxicant

Question 3

Substances that cause cancer.

Answer 3

Carcinogens

Question 4

Chemicals that cause mutations in the DNA of organisms.

Answer 4

Mutagens

Question 5

Chemicals that cause birth defects or harm to the unborn.

Answer 5

Teratogens

Question 6

Chemicals assault the nervous system.

Answer 6

Neurotoxins

Question 7

Substances which over activate the immune system, causing an immune response.

Answer 7

Allergens

Question 8

Toxicants that interfere with the endocrine system.

Answer 8

Endocrine Disruptors

Question 9

Fat-soluble toxicants which are absorbed and stored in fatty tissues and may build up in animals.

Answer 9

Bioaccumulation

Question 10

Toxic substances that accumulate as they go up the food chain in increasingly higher concentrations.

Answer 10

Biomagnification

Question 11

The amount of toxicant the test animal receives.

Answer 11

Dose

Question 12

The type or magnitude of negative effects of a toxic dose.

Answer 12

Response

Question 13

The standard method of testing lab animals in toxicology.

Answer 13

Dose-response analysis

Question 14

The amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population of study animals used.

Answer 14

LD50

Question 15

The level of toxicant at which 50% of the population is affected but not killed.

Answer 15

ED50

Question 16

The point above which the effects of the toxin become apparent.

Answer 16

Threshold

Question 17

High amounts of a substance for a short period of time.

Answer 17

Actue Exposure

Question 18

Small amounts of a substance for a long time.

Answer 18

Chronic Exposure

Question 19

Combined impacts from many different substances.

Answer 19

Synergistic Effects

Question 20

The probability of a harmful outcome for an action.

Answer 20

Risk

Question 21

The measurement of risk and comparison of risk of different activities.

Answer 21

Risk Assessment

Question 22

Decisions and strategies designed to assess risk.

Answer 22

Risk Management

Question 23

A synthetic organic chemical used in a wide variety of products.

Answer 23

BPA

Question 24

Toxicant.

Answer 24

Toxin

Question 25

The large scale studies of groups exposed to toxins,

Answer 25

Epidemiological Studies

Question 26

1976 US law that gives the EPA authority to regulate toxic substances.

Answer 26

Toxic Substances Control Act