Ch. 14

Question 1

An expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true

Answer 1

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 2

The theory that speculates how we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Answer 2

Attribution Theory

Question 3

Overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situations when explaining other people’s behavior

Answer 3

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 4

A set of beliefs and feelings

Answer 4

Attitude

Question 5

A form of persuasion that utilizes logic, reason, and evaluation

Answer 5

Central Route Persuasion

Question 6

A form of persuasion that appeals to people’s emotion

Answer 6

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Question 7

A compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request

Answer 7

Foot-in-the-Door

Question 8

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

Answer 8

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 9

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Answer 9

Conformity

Question 10

The tendency for the presence of other people to have a negative impact on the performance of a difficult task

Answer 10

Social Impairment

Question 11

When the presence of others improves one’s performance of an easy task

Answer 11

Social Facilitation

Question 12

When individuals within a group do not not put in as much effort when acting as a part of a group as they do when acting alone.

Answer 12

Social loafing

Question 13

The loss of self-restraint when group members feel anonymous

Answer 13

Deindividuation

Question 14

The tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the group members would make individually

Answer 14

Group Polarization

Question 15

The tendency for people to make bad decisions in order to maintain harmony, peace-keeping or the group’s agenda.

Answer 15

Groupthink

Question 16

Rules about how group members should act and what roles that should play.

Answer 16

Group Norms

Question 17

An undeserved, usually negative, attitude towards a group of people.

Answer 17

Prejudice

Question 18

When the ideas/expectations about a group influence the way we interact with the member of said group

Answer 18

Stereotypes

Question 19

Unjustifiable behavior toward a group based on prejudice

Answer 19

Discrimination

Question 20

The tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups

Answer 20

Outgroup homogeneity

Question 21

People’s belief that they themselves are good people and therefore group members are also good.

Answer 21

Ingroup Bias

Question 22

The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Answer 22

Just-World Phenomenon

Question 23

The hypothesis that the feeling of frustration makes aggression more likely.

Answer 23

Frustration-Aggression Principle

Question 24

An effect that states that the more someone is exposed to something, the more they will come to like it.

Answer 24

Mere Exposure Effect

Question 25

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Answer 25

Self-Disclosure

Question 26

The finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help

Answer 26

Bystander Effect

Question 27

People tend to think that when someone does something nice for them, they ought to do something nice in return.

Answer 27

Norms of Reciprocity

Question 28

A persuasion method in which the individual begins by making a large request that most likely will be turned down. After this large initial request is denied, the person makes a more reasonable request that is now more likely to be granted.

Answer 28

Door in the Face

Question 29

Culture in which personal accomplishments are less important in the formation of identity than group membership

Answer 29

Collectivist Culture

Question 30

A culture in which people believe that their primary responsibility is to themselves.

Answer 30

Individualistic Culture

Question 31

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Answer 31

False-Consensus Effect

Question 32

The tendency to take more credit for good outcomes than for bad ones

Answer 32

Self-Serving Bias

Question 33

Belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group.

Answer 33

Ethnocentrism

Question 34

The larger the group of people who witness a problem, the less responsible any one feels to help

Answer 34

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 35

When people decide what constitutes as appropriate behavior in a situation by looking to others.

Answer 35

Pluralistic Ignorance

Question 36

Social psychologists study what factors increase the chance that people will like one another (similarity, proximity, and reciprocal liking)

Answer 36

Attraction Research

Question 37

The goals that require the cooperation of two or more people or groups to achieve, which usually results in rewards to the groups.

Answer 37

Superordinate Goals

Question 38

A participants willingness to do someone in a position of authority asks you to do.

Answer 38

Obedience