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A&P > Ch 13 > Flashcards

Ch 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Cauda Equina

A

(Spinal)Nerve extensions from the spinal cord that serve the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions. *How the spinal cord extends down to lower parts of body

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2
Q

Dura Mater

A

Multiple layers of Dense irregular tissue loosely wrapped around spinal cord.
Acts as a stabilizer
Most outer layer

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3
Q

Epidural Space

A

Space just above/superficial to dura mater that contains adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
-Anesthetics are often delivered here

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4
Q

Potential Space (Subdural)

A

Beneath/deep to dura mater. Place where space can (POTENTIALLY) develop under certain circumstances

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5
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

2nd connective tissue layer deep to Dura Mater

-Collagen

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6
Q

Sub- Arachnoid space

A

Space where cerebral spinal fluid circulating around the spinal cord

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7
Q

Pia Mater

A

(Deepest layer) Thin CT cover connected to/ on top of spinal cord
-cover extends past conus medularis/end of spinal cord to form filum terminale

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8
Q

Filum Terminale -“Terminal Thread”, Terminal Filument

A
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9
Q

Dura and Arachnoid maters extend to S2

A
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10
Q

Lumbar cistern

A

Container that contains CSF and is where Spinal taps are performed to check for pathologies.

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11
Q

Central Canal

A

Ependymal cells that produce and circulate CSF are found here
Open canal for kids-Closed canal for adults

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12
Q

Grey Commisure

A

Central division that Divides Left and right grey Matter
-important structure for interneurons that help propagate action potentials from one side of spinal cord to the other.

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13
Q

Dorsal Gray Horns

A

-For sensory Action Potentials that are coming into the spinal cord.
-(Input region of spinal cord)
-found here are Unmylinated portions of sensory neurons

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14
Q

Lateral Gray Horns

A

Found here are neurosoma and initial segments of autonomic neurons

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15
Q

Ventral Gray Horns

A

Contain nuerosoma and axon hillock’s initial segment of Motor neurons exiting spinal cord to their effector signals(Cells/Tissue/Organs)

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16
Q

White Matter

A

Contains myelinated axons of neurons of spinal cord

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17
Q

Dorsal/Posterior Root

A

Contains axons that delivers sensory information into spinal cord

-For Sensory neurons’ Action Potential being sent towards grey matter of spinal cord

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18
Q

Root Ganglion

A

Enlargement due to buildup of Neurosoma of unipolar neurons

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19
Q

Ventral/Anterior Root

A

Contains axons of either autonomic or motor neurons that leave the spinal cord to deliver Action potential to effector: cell/tissue/organ

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20
Q

31 Pairs (Total)

A

Spinal Nerves

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21
Q

Mismatch Between Cervical Vertebra and Cervical Spinal Nerves?

A

Because Spinal nerve c1 is above cervical vertebrae c1

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22
Q

Ramus

A

Branch off of spinal nerve that provides both sensory and Motor output to the trunk

23
Q

Posterior/Dorsal Ramus

A

Contains axons of Sensory &Motor Neurons that activate/innervate limb muscles and skin in the back region

24
Q

8

A

Pairs of Cervical Nerves

25
Q

12

A

Thoracic Nerve Pairs

26
Q

5

A

Lumbar nerve pairs - includes cuada equina

27
Q

5

A

Sacral Nerve Pairs

28
Q

1

A

Coccygeal pair

29
Q

Anterior Ramus

A

Contains axons of Sensory &Motor Neurons that activate/innervate limb muscles and skin in the ventro-lateral(front-side) region.

30
Q

Plexus

A

Result of Anterior Rami that anastomose/merge together to form a network/web

31
Q

Cervical Plexus(head/kneck

A

Phrenic Nerve- motor axons that serve the diaphragm. Provide contraction & relaxation of muscle for breathing

32
Q

Brachial Plexus( arms, neck, shoulders)

A

Musculocutaneous Nerve( provides motor innervation to biceps brachii)

33
Q

Lumbar Plexus( lower ab, gluteal, genital, and legs)

A

Femoral Nerve( provides motor innervation to Recuts Femoris)

34
Q

Sacral Plexus( Motor & Sensory for gluteal, genital, & legs)

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve- Contains Alpha Motor neurons that innervate the Gluteus Maximus

35
Q

Coccygeal Plexus (genital)

A

Pudenal Nerve- alpha motor neurons that innervate sex organs( penis, clitoris)

36
Q

Spinal Tracts

A

Myelinated axons/White Matter within spinal cord

37
Q

Cuneate & Gracile Fasciculus (Proprioception Sensory Tract 1)

A

(Ascending) Spinal Tracts that are responsible for proprioception. Myelinated axons deliver sensory information up to brain

38
Q

Spinoreticular Tract (nociception Sensory Tract 2)

A

(Ascending) Spinal Tracts that are responsible for nociception. Myelinated axons of neurons that deliver/conduct action potentials, that integrates pain into the brain.

39
Q

Spinothalamic Tract

A

(Ascending Tract) Neurons synapse in Thalamus. Tickle, itch, light touch

40
Q

Corticospinal Tract

A

(Descending Tract frm Motor Cortex) Major tract that synapses with Alpha Motor Neurons to generate Muscle contraction

41
Q

Cerebral Cortex- GreyMatter of Brain

A

Receives action potential from Third order neuron which enables awareness of sensory information.

42
Q

Reflex

A

[Quick-Involuntary-Stereotyped] reaction to stimuli

43
Q

Somatic Reflex

A

Skeletal Muscle reflexes

44
Q

Spinal (cord) reflexes

A

Spinal cord is the integrating center and brain isn’t needed for reflex to happen

45
Q

Cranial (nerve) reflex

A

Blinking, gagging, pupil dilation/constriction

46
Q

Visceral Reflex

A

Involuntary neural reflexes of organs( heart, stomach, etc)

47
Q

Somatic Reflex

A

Skeletal Muscle reflex/reaction to harmful stimuli

48
Q

Reflex Arc

A

1.Receptor
2. Afferent Neurons- generate Action Potential(afferent signal)
3. Integrating Center- Spinal Cord, brainstem(Medulla Oblongata & Pons)
4. Efferent Neurons - Action Potential(Efferent Signal)
5. Effector organ/tissue/cells

49
Q

Muscle Spindle

A

Modified skeletal muscle cell that plays a sensory function in reflexes and proprioception.

50
Q

Muscle Spindle(2)

A

Allows brain to maintain ongoing knowledge/awareness of muscle’s contractile state and muscle position, as sensory neuron is wound around fibers.

51
Q

Gamma Motor Neurons

A

(Adjust sensitivity) Contracts muscle spindle when muscle is shortened, relax spindle when stretched

52
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A

Muscle Spindle

53
Q

Reciprical Inhibition

A

Activation of one muscle group while simultaneously inhibiting the other

A&P (17 decks)

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