Ch 13 & 14 powerpoint Flashcards
Maslow believed
Human beings are interested in growing rather than simply restoring balance or avoiding frustration
Motivation
Reducing tension by satisfying deficit states or lacks (D-needs)
Metamotivation
growth tendencies (B-needs)
Peak experience
an intensification of any experience to the degree that there is a loss or transcendence of the self
Self-actualized persons
fulfill their own needs and do the best that they are capable of doing
Characteristics
of Self-Actualizers
Awareness
Honesty
Freedom
Trust
Maslow’s Theory
Points away from pure science toward broader outlines of philosophy
Maslow believed that it is misleading to
think of science as value-free
Maslow’s work underscores
the fact that scientific procedures may not permit research into important human questions
Phenomenology
the study of human awareness and perceptions
Rogers’s believed
Each individual exists at the center of a phenomenal field (the total sum of experiences an organism has)
Actualizing tendency
is a universal life force
Organismic valuing process subconsciously guides us towards growth experiences
Self-concept
is portion of phenomenal field that gradually become differentiated
Congruence exists when
a person’s symbolized experiences reflect actual experiences
Incongruence exists when
a person’s symbolized experiences do not reflect all their actual experiences; there is denial or distortion in the symbolization
leads to a fully functioning person
Positive development
Fully Functioning Person
- Openness to experience
- Existential living
- Organismic trust
- Experiential freedom
- Creativity
Person-centered therapy
Supportive versus reconstructive psychotherapy with
empathy, acceptance, genuineness
Lykken
genetic set point of happiness
Csikszentmihalyi
flow and happiness
Seligman: PERMA
Positive emotion Engagement Relationships Meaning Accomplishment
Strengths and Virtues
- Wisdom and knowledge
- Courage
- Humanity and love
- Justice
- Temperance
- Transcendence
Transpersonal Psychology
Concerned with those states and processes in which people experience a deeper or wider sense of who they are and a sense of greater connectedness with others, nature, and a “spiritual” dimension
Transpersonal Psychology emphasizes
health and human potential, seeking a balance of the whole person: intellectual, emotional, spiritual, physical, social, and creative
Existentialism
emphasizes existence rather than essence (unchanging laws or principles that govern existence)
Our Predicament
Central problem we face. powerlessness
Anxiety Loss of values
Anxiety
apprehension cued off by a threat to an essential value
Loss of values
we need to discover and affirm a new set of values in our postmodern world
Rediscovering selfhood
-becoming aware of feelings and desires
-moving through four stages of consciousness
-innocence
rebellion
-ordinary consiousness
-creative consciousness
goals of integration
integrating the daimonic -experiencing our power -rediscovering care -facing intentionality -freedom in juxtaposition with destiny courage and creativity developing
Myth
narrative pattern that gives significance to our existence
Two possible new myths
Equality of women and men
Global community with no boundaries
We need new myths to
give our lives meaning and suggest new possibilities
Existentialist seeks to
understand the patient’s mode of being and nonbeing in the world
May’s theory is
a philosophical view of human nature that is coherent, relevant, comprehensive, and compelling
Academic psychologists tend to ignore May’s theory
because they cannot treat it as a scientific hypothesis
