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Psyc Personality > 15&16 powerpoint > Flashcards

15&16 powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Personal constructs

A

hypotheses that make the world meaningful to us

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2
Q

Personal construct theory

A

If constructs appear to fit our subsequent experience, we find them useful and hold onto them
If the construct does not lead to behaviors that help us adjust to events in the world, we will seek to alter or change the construct

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3
Q

Constructive Alternativism

A

Philosophical position suggested that any one event is open to a number of possible interpretations

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4
Q

construction

A

people anticipate events by interpreting

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5
Q

organization

A

people develop an organized system of constructs

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6
Q

dichotomy

A

contructs are of a bipolar nature

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7
Q

choice

A

people choose from among alternatives the most useful construct

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8
Q

range

A

each construct has a limited range or focus

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9
Q

experience

A

constructs are changed in the light of experience

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10
Q

modulation

A

constructs are open to change and alteration

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11
Q

fragmentation

A

people may use constructs that seem to be incompatible

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12
Q

communality

A

communication is based on similar personal constructs

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13
Q

sociability

A

social interaction entails understanding constructs

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14
Q

self construct

A

Based primarily on what we perceive as consistencies in our own behavior

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15
Q

Role

A

Process or behavior that people engage in based on their understanding of the behavior and constructs of others

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16
Q

Development

A

Based one’s choice of constructs and is viewed in psychological rather than biological terms

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17
Q

Role Construct Repertory Tests (Rep Test)

A

Person reveals constructs by comparing and contrasting a number of significant persons in his or her life
Research focused on cognitive complexity

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18
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Psychological disorders arise when a person clings to and continues to use personal constructs in spite of the fact that subsequent experience fails to validate them

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19
Q

Therapeutic techniques as “reconstruction”

A

Role-playing
Fixed-role therapy
Group therapy

20
Q

Human beings have four fundamental and interrelated processes

A

Perception
Motivation
Thinking
Emotion

21
Q

A-B-C theory

A

suggests how people develop irrational belief systems when a highly charged emotional consequence follows an activating event

22
Q

Rational Emotive

Behavior Psychotherapy

A

Goal of therapy is to enable clients to commit themselves to actions that correspond to their true value system

23
Q

The three main therapeutic processes are:

A

Cognitive
Emotive-evocative
Behavioral

24
Q

Desensitization vs

A

implosive confrontation of anxieties and fears

25
Q

Cognitive therapy derived from

A

Phenomenological approach to psychology
Structural theory and depth psychology of Kant and Freud
Cognitive psychology

26
Q

Cognitive schemas

A

Structures that consist of an individual’s fundamental core beliefs and assumptions about how the world operates

27
Q

Automatic thoughts

A

Involuntary, unintentional, and preconscious thoughts that are hard to regulate

28
Q

Cognitive therapy based on

A

theory of personality that maintains that how one thinks largely determines how one feels and behaves

29
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

Systematic errors in reasoning

30
Q

Two dimensions of personality

A

Sociotropic and autonomous dimensions of personality

31
Q

Sociotropic dimension characterized by

A

dependence on interpersonal relationships and need for closeness and nurturance

32
Q

Autonomous dimension characterized by

A

independence and organized around goal setting, self-determination, and self-imposed obligations

33
Q

Cognitive triad

A

Tendency for depressed individuals to have a negative view of the self, the world, and the future

34
Q

cognitive distortions

A
  • arbitrary inference
  • selective abstraction
  • overgeneralization
  • magnification and minimization
  • personalization
  • dichotomous thinking
35
Q

Cognitive and behavioral methods

A

Challenge dysfunctional beliefs

Promote more realistic thinking

36
Q

Hot cognition

A

Consists of well defined therapeutic techniques that help clients experience affective arousal

37
Q

Cognitive therapy is

A

present-centered, directive, active, and problem-oriented

38
Q

Beck developed many psychometric devices

A

Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Scale, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, etc.

39
Q

Beck believed

A

it was essential that people understand their unrealistic view of the world Modern research has identified the biological correlates to Beck’s cognitive theory

40
Q

Lazarus says

A

people have different physical thresholds (tolerance levels for pain, frustration, and stress) and tend to favor some BASIC-ID

41
Q

BASIC-ID

A

Comprehensive appraisal of personality

42
Q

Dyadic behavior

A

vs. multimodal concepts of maladaptive

43
Q

BASIC-ID stands for

A 
Behavior
Affect
Sensation
Imagery
Cognition
Interpersonal
Drugs/Biology
44
Q

Multimodal Therapy

A 
Holistic approach
Modality profiles
Structural profiles
Bridging
Tracking
Technical eclecticism
45
Q

“Third Wave” behaviorism emphasizes

A

mindfulness, noting thoughts and feelings without becoming enmeshed in them

Psyc Personality (16 decks)

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