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FMF sucka > Ch 112 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Defense Fundamentals > Flashcards

Ch 112 Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (NBC) Defense Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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2
Q

What does NBC stand for?

A

Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical

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3
Q

What are the colors of the Chemical warning sign? And what info is on the sign?

A

Yellow background w/red lettering. Name of agent(if Known) Date and Time of detection.

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4
Q

What are the colors of the Biological warning sign?

And what info is on the sign?

A

Blue background w/red lettering. Name of agent (if Known) Date and time of detection?

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5
Q

What are the colors of the Radiological warning sign? And what info is on the sign?

A

White background w/black lettering. Dose rate, Date and Time of reading, Date and Time of Burst

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6
Q

What colors are the Chemical Minefield (Unexploded mines) warning sign? And what info is on the sign?

A

Red background w/ yellow lettering and stripe. Chemical agent in mine, Date of Placement, and have front of sign facing away from minefield.

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7
Q

What is the M40 field protective mask?

A

To protect the wearer from field concentrations of chemical and biological agents.

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8
Q

What does the M40 mask consists of?

A

Faceblank, filter canister, dual voicemitter assemblies, inlet and oulet valves, and water drinking system

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9
Q

What are the NBC alarms? And what describe each?

A

Vocal (GAS-GAS-GAS) repeated x3
Visual - arms extended out straight out to the side and the hands made into a fist. Bend arms at the elbows so the fists are placed to the ears. and say GAS x3
Percussion (Metal on Metal) Sirens and intermittent horns, biological/chemical alarm system are used by units SOP’s

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10
Q

How do u properly don and clear a gas mask?

A

Upon receiving a contamination presence.

  • Stop breathing. Close mouth and eyes
  • Place rifle between legs.
  • Remove headgear and place on weapon.
  • Remove the mask from carrier
  • Allow hood to hang down in front of mask.
  • Put mask on and clear it by covering outlet valve w/palm.
  • Exhale so air escapes and cover air inlet valve w/palm and breathe in.
  • Facepiece will collapse
  • Tighten check straps first and then the rest
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11
Q

How long should it take it don mask?

A

Donned, cleared, and sealed in 9 seconds. W/hood 15 seconds

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12
Q

What does MOPP stand for?

A

Mission Oriented Protective Posture

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13
Q

How many levels of MOPP are there?

A

6 - MOPP Ready thru MOPP 4

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14
Q

What is MOPP Ready?

A

When a Marine carries protective mask.

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15
Q

What is MOPP 0?

A

When a Marine has all MOPP gear available but is not wearing it.

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16
Q

What is MOPP 1?

A

Overgarment (worn open of closed)
Booties (carried)
Mask (carried)
Gloves (carried)

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17
Q

What is MOPP 2?

A

Overgarment (worn open of closed)
Booties (worn)
Mask (carried)
Gloves (carried

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18
Q

What is MOPP 3?

A

Overgarments (worn open of closed)
Booties (worn)
Mask (Worn w/ hood open of closed)
Gloves (carried)

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19
Q

What is MOPP 4?

A

Overgarment (worn)
Booties (worn)
Mask (worn)
Gloves (worn)

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20
Q

What is M8 and M9 paper?

A

Used to detect chemical agents.

Takes only seconds to detect agents.

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21
Q

How long does the M256A1 take to detect agents?

A

15 mins

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22
Q

Disadvantages of M8 and M9 paper over M256A1 Kit?

A

Inability to test for vapor hazards and limited number of agents detected.

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23
Q

Describe M9 paper?

A
  • Issued 1 roll to squad or gun team
  • Worn around ankles,wrist, and biceps
  • to detect chemical agent, but will not identify the agent used
  • Blot do not rub, on suspected liquids
  • observe color change
  • light pink-reddish brown, or violet tint when contaminated
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24
Q

Describe M8 paper?

A
  • Issued w/ field protective mask and M256A1 kit

- Used on suspected liquid forms like: puddles,small drops, or barley visible droplets

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25
What agents will M8 paper detect and the colors for agents?
- Nerve (Yellow,Gold) G - Nerve (Dark Green) V - Blister (Pink,Red) H
26
What are the 3 levels of decontamination?
- Immediate Decon - Operational Decon - Thorough Decon
27
Describe Immediate Decon?
- Skin Decon (before 1 min) - Personal wipe down/operator spray down (within 15 mins) - Individual or crew - Stops agents from pentrating
28
Describe Operational Decon?
- MOPP gear exchange/Vehicle Wash down - Within 6 hrs - Unit, BN crew, decon PLT - Temp relief from MOPP 4, Limit liquid agent spread
29
Describe Thorough Decon?
- Detailed Aircraft/Equipment, and Troop Decon - Only when mission allows action - Decon PLT or Unit - Long term MOPP reduction w/ minimum risk
30
Describe what to do when a nuclear attack happens without warning. (without weapon)
- Drop face down w/ head towards blast (Helmet on) - Seek cover if possible - Close eyes - Protect or cover exposed skin
31
Describe what to do when a nuclear attack happens without warning. (with weapon)
- Drop face down w/ head towards blast (Helmet on) - Seek cover if possible - Close eyes - Protect or cover exposed skin - Place weapon under or near body (strap/sling wrapped tightly around arm - Muzzle away from face
32
What is a Nerve agent?
-Cholinesterase inhibitors interfering with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic nervous system
33
Describe Nerve agents?
-odorless, almost colorless liquids, varying greatly in viscosity and volatility.
34
What are signs and symptoms of Nerve agents?
- Pupils constrict (pinpoint) - muscular twitching - Rhinorrhea - Dyspnea - Diarrhea/Vomiting - Convulsions - Hypersalivation - Drowsiness - Coma - Unconsciousness
35
What is the treatment of Nerve agents?
-2mg Atropine and 600 mg 2-PAM Cl -give only when symptoms occur -15 min intervals until Atropinization (Tachycardia and Dry Mouth occurs)
36
Describe Buddy Aid for mild symptoms during a Nerve agent attack?
-IMMEDIATELY hold breath and put on mask -administer one set of atropine and 2-PAM Cl in buttocks or thigh muscles -Hold Atropine for 10 seconds -Attack to clothing for accountability -Wait 10-15 min between injection serious
37
Describe Buddy Aid for severe symptoms during a Nerve agent attack?
-3 sets in rapid succession one after the other
38
What is a Blister agent?
-Vesicants, produce large and painful blisters on the skin that are incapacitating
39
What are common Blister agents?
- Mustard (HD) - Nitrogen Mustard (HN) - Lewisite (L)
40
Describe Mustard (HN) gas?
-HD and HN are oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids
41
Signs and Symptoms of Of Blister agents?
- Eyes are the most vulnerable part of the body - Pain and gritting feeling in eyes w/ spastic blinking of eyelids and photophobia - Armpits, groin, face and neck are sensitive - 12 to 48 hrs symptoms appear - Inhalation of gas: irritation of throat,hoarseness, and cough - Fever, moist rales, and dyspnea may develop - Brochopneumonia - Primary death occurs from massive edema or mechanical pulmonary obstruction
42
What is the treatment for Blister agents?
- Physically removing as much of the mustard as possible is only effective method before symptoms appear. - Other treatment is symptomatic (relief of itching, pain, and infection)
43
What is a Lewisite?
- Arsenical | - light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly
44
What are the signs of exposure of Lewisite?
-Intense pain upon contact
45
What is the treatment for Lewisite?
- Flush eyes w/ water to prevent serve burns - Sodium Sulfacetamide (30 percent solution) - BAL (British Anti-Lewisite) a peanut oil suspension used for systemic issues
46
What is a Blood agent?
- Block oxygen transfer in the blood steam - Can cause death in a short time after exposure - Almond like odor
47
What are the 2 types of Blood agents?
- Hydrocyanic acid (AC) | - Cyanogen chloride (CK)
48
Signs and Symptoms of Blood agents?
- After high exposure to gas, death or recovery takes place rapidly. - Forceful increase on the depth of respirations for a few seconds, violent convulsions after 20-30 seconds, respiratory failure w/ heart stopping within minutes.
49
What is the treatment of Blood agents?
- Crush 2 Amyl Nitrite in palm of hand and hold close to victims nose - Sodium Thiosulfate 100-200mg/kg intravenously for 9 mins
50
What is a Choking agent?
- Affects the alveolar tissue in the lungs resulting in severe pulmonary edema - Colorless gas w/ new-mown hay or fresh cut grass smell
51
What are 2 examples of a Choking agent?
- Phosgene (CG) | - Chlorine (Cl)
52
Signs and Symptoms of Choking agents?
- Initial: watering of the eyes, coughing, and tightness in the chest. - symptoms occur 2-6 hrs after exposure - Latent: rapid, shallow and labored breathing; painful cough; cyanosis, frothy sputum; clammy skin; rapid pulse; low blood pressure. Shock than death.
53
What is the treatment of Choking agents?
- Complete bed rest is mandatory - Keep PT warm - Give Oxygen - Treat symptomatic
54
What is a Incapacitating agent?
- Produce mental confession and inability to perform intelligent actions - Administered by contaminating food, water, or aerosols - High potency
55
Signs and Symptoms of Incapacitating agents?
- Symptoms appear 30 min to several hrs to several days - Sign of intoxication, delusions or hallucinations, dizziness, muscular incoordination, dry mouth,increase heart rate, pupil size, and skin temp
56
What is the treatment of Incapacitating agents?
- (BZ) and Glycolates | - Used after 4 hrs of exposure. Continue or relapse will develop.
57
What are Riot Control/Harassing agents?
-Used to harass enemy personnel or to discourage riot actions.
58
What are the 2 types of Riot Control/Harassing agents?
- Lacrimators | - Vomiting agents
59
What is a Lacrimators?
- Tear Gases | - Irritate the respiratory tract and skin
60
What are the 2 types of Lacrimators?
- (CN) and (CS) - (CN) is used as a training agent - (CS) is used by the military
61
Signs and Symptoms of Lacrimators?
- Intense pain in the eyes w/ excessive tearing | - Last over 2 hrs to only a few mins
62
What is the treatment of Lacrimators?
- Exposure to fresh air - Change clothes - Hair can cause recontamination
63
What are Vomiting agents?
- (DCAM) | - (DM) Adamsite
64
Signs and Symptoms of Vomiting agents?
- Strong pepper like irritation in upper respiratory tract | - Uncontrollable sneezing, coughing,nausea and vomiting, feeling a malaise and rhinorrhea, w/ frontal headache
65
What is the treatment of Vomiting agents?
- KEEP mask on at all time - CARRY on duties as vigorously as possible - Recovery is usually spontaneous and complete in 1-3 hrs
66
What is a Screen Smoker?
- Used obscure vision and hide targets or areas - If used of long periods of time, it may cause death of illness - DO NOT use indoors or closed compartments
67
What is White Phosphorus?
- (WP) - Pale, waxy solid that ignites w/ air to give hot, dense white smoke. - Irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat
68
What is the treatment to White Phosphorus?
- NO treatment is necessary, just remove PT from WP source. | - If burning particles of WP embed skin, cover w/ water, wet cloth, or mud to air proof coating.

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