Ch 11 stress and health

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

physical,
emotional, cognitive, and
behavioral responses to
threatening or challenging
events

Question 2

Stressor

Answer 2

cause of stress reaction

Question 3

Distress

Answer 3

effect of
undesirable stressors

Question 3

eustress

Answer 3

effect of positive events

Question 4

Catastrophe

Answer 4

unpredictable, large-
scale event
– extreme adaptation, adjustment,
feelings of threat

Question 5

Acute stress disorder

Answer 5

anxiety,
nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the
event, concentration problems
– Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
– over 30 days of symptom

Question 6

Major life changes (social readjustment rating scale)

Answer 6

Death of spouse, divorce, death of close family member, marriage, dismissal from work, death of a friend, foreclosure of a mortgage or loan, begin or end school, change in living condition, small mortgage or loan, Christmas, minor law violation

Question 7

Major life changes (college undergraduate stress scale)

Answer 7

Being raped, HIV positive, pregnancy, finals week, being cheated on, financial difficulties, 2 exams in a day, marriage, roommate conflict, maintaining steady relationships, getting straight A’s, Greek life rush, falling asleep in class

Question 8

Hassles

Answer 8

frustrations, delays, minor disagreements

Question 9

Pressure

Answer 9

Urgent demands or expectations from an outside source

Question 10

Uncontrollability

Answer 10

Degree of control over the situation

Question 11

Frustration

Answer 11

Desired goal or fulfillment of perceived need blocked

Question 12

Displaced aggression

Answer 12

Frustration focused on less threatening target

Question 13

Suicide in America

Answer 13

1980 to 1996 – suicide (10 to 14 years of age) rates
doubled
* 2004 – third leading cause of death for adolescents
* Rates increase with age (elderly highest)
* Men four times as likely to complete suicide attempt
(as compared to women)
* American Indian/Alaskan natives particularly at risk

Question 14

Signs of impending suicide

Answer 14

• Feelings of emptiness
• Lack of energy
• Inability to feel pleasure
• Irratability
• Sleeping problems
• Eating more or less than usual

Question 15

Types of conflict

Answer 15

Avoidance-avoidance, approach-approach, approach avoidance

Question 16

Approach-approach

Answer 16

Win-win, choice of 2 desirable options

Question 17

Avoidance-avoidance

Answer 17

Lose-lose, stuck between a rock and a hard place

Question 18

Approach-avoidance

Answer 18

Must choose or not choose goal with both positive and negative aspects

Question 19

Stress and the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Answer 19

Sympathetic: dilates pupils and inhibits fear glands, decreased salivation, dilates bronchi, decreases digestive functions of stomach, pancreas, & intestines; inhibits bladder contraction

Parasympathetic: constricts pupils and stimulates fear glands, increased salivation, slows heart, constricts bronchi, increases digestive functions of stomach, pancreas, intestines; allows bladder contraction

Question 20

General adaptation syndrome

Answer 20

physiological changes to stress
three stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance, and (3) exhaustion. Alarm, fight or flight, is the immediate response of the body to ‘perceived’ stress.

Question 21

Stress and the immune system

Question 22

Cognitive appraisal approach

Answer 22

Appraisal of stressor is a major factor in stress level

Question 23

Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal Approach

Answer 23

Primary appraisal determines if a stressor is a threat, and if deemed a threat, secondary appraisal takes into account the resources
-inadequate resources lead to more stress and developing of new resources to deal with stress

Question 24

Stress and personality

Answer 24

Type A-ambitious, time conscious, hardworking, hostile
Type B- relaxed, slow to anger
Type C- internalize anger, repressed emotions, pleasant

Question 25

Hardy personality

Answer 25

Thrives on stress without the hostility of Type A

Question 26

Acculturative stress

Answer 26

Stress arising from need to adapt one’s ways to majority culture

Question 27

4 methods of acculturation

Answer 27

Assimilation, integration, separation, marginalization

Question 28

Problem-focused coping

Answer 28

Eliminate stress source through direct action

Question 29

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 29

Change stressor impact by changing emotional reaction

Question 30

Defense mechanisms

Question 31

Burnout

Answer 31

When job stress is so great that someone developed negative thoughts, emotions, and behavior and extreme job dissatisfaction, desire to quit