CH 10.2 Eukaryotic Chromosomes Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
-It is the process in Eukaryotic cells replicated chromosomes are separated into 2 nuclei= daughter cells
What is the range of Chromosomes that most Eukaryotes have?
10 to 50 chromosomes
What is Monosomy?
-It is the condition where human embryos are missing 1 chromosome= fatal
What is Trisomy?
-It is the condition where human embryos have an extra copy of anyone chromosome= usually fatal unless its a smaller chromosome
What is a Karyotype?
-It is the organized view of all 23 human chromosomes under a light microscope
What does Haploid mean?
- One complete set of chromosomes necessary to define an organism
- Represented as (n)
- So for humans it n=23
What is does Diploid mean?
- It is the total number of chromosomes in a cell
- Represented as (2n) bc its twice the haploid number
- SO for humans 2n=46
What are Chromosomes made up of?
- Chromatin
- Also has hella RNA
What is Chromatin?
-It is a complex of 40% DNA & 60% Protein
Why is RNA present in Chromosomes?
-Bc Chromosomes are the sites for RNA synthesis
What do Chromosomes contain?
-a single uninterrupted DNA molecule
How many Nucleotides does a human Chromosome have?
140 million
What is the average length of a stretched out DNA strand in a human chromosome?
4.3 cm
What is Heterochromatin?
- It is the part of a eukaryotic chromosome that IS NOT transcribed into RNA= not active
- Remains condensed in Interphase & stains in histological preps
What is Euchromatin?
- It is the part of the eukaryotic chromosome that IS transcribed into mRNA=active
- It contains active genes that not tightly condensed during interphase