actual exam 3 Flashcards
What epigenetic modification increases the rate of gene expression?
-Treating the histones w/ histone acetyltransferase
What syndrome has paternally imprinted genes?
-Angelman syndrome
What are 2 important characteristics of Epigenetics?
- They allow different cell types to have different patterns of gene expression
- And they’re hertiable
When are genes silenced?
-When DNA is methylated at cytosines followed by guanines
What are 3 characteristics about chordates?
- A notochord is present during development
- Pharyngeal slits are present during some of the embryotic development
- A single hollow nerve chord is present during some stage of embyronic development
Where do cleavage divisions occurs in the blastocyst?
-They occur in the oviduct and uterus
What is the potency of germ layers that are produced in their home of the Gastrula?
-They are pluripotent
What are 2 important characteristics about Morphogens?
- They are diffusable
- They stimulate developmental events depending of concentration
What is Congenital Zika Virus associated with?
-A pregnant mother exposed to the zika virus through the bite of an aedes aegypti
What does Congenital Zika Virus cause?
- Macular damage
- Microcephaly
When are babies most likely to suffer the greatest developmental damage due to Congenital Zika Virus?
- When they are exposed to the virus within the first trimester
- When they have CNS neurons w/ Zika infections
Where are mammalian embyronic stem cells obtained from?
-The inner cell mass
What is a sensory neuron the component of?
-The PNS
What it the myelin like of a sensory neuron?
-It’s made up of schwann cells
What is the relationship between axon diameter and conduction speed?
-It’s a direct relationship; so as diameter increase, conduction speed increases
Which ion channels change shape in response to a threshold voltage being reached?
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Sodium
What happens to Acetylcholine at the neural muscular junction?
-It is released as a result of calcium ions entering the axon terminal
What occurs when the skeletal muscle is at rest?
- Tropomyosin covers myosin binding sites
- Voltage-gated calcium channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum are closed
What do the muscle cells form in skeletal muscles?
-The muscle cells make up the Z-line
What must occur for the skeletal muscle to produce the sliding filament action?
-Cross bridges must form due to the myosin binding sites being exposed
What role does Tropomyosin play on actin?
-It covers the binding sites on actin
What kind of channels do T-tubules have in their membrane?
-Voltage-gated ion channels
What is the purpose of T-Tubules?
-They propogate action potentials through a myofiber
What does the DNA methlyation inhibitor RG108 show promise of treating?
-Cocaine addiction
