Ch 10: Project Quality Management Flashcards
Quality
meeting specifications or requirements
implies that a product or deliverable is fit for intended purpose
Involves a wide variety of criteria: performance, safety, reliability, maintainability
implies absence of defects
Quality is achieved by
identifying and correcting non-conformities (defects)
the longer you wait before correcting them, the bigger the impact will be on the project
Project Quality Management Processes
Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Quality planning
guides future quality activities
sets requirements and standards to be met
set actions which should be taken to meet requirements
2 aspects of Quality Planning
- Establishing quality management procedures and policies for entire organisation
- Establishing a quality plan as part of the execution plan for each project
Cost of Quality
Cost-benefit analysis is performed to evaluate the proposed quality activities
Prevention
Appraisal and control (cost of conformance)
Internal and external failure (costs of nonconformance)
Project Quality Management Plan (PQMP)
forms part of the Project Execution Plan
Quality Assurance
Performs the planned quality activities (according to the PQMP)
Ensures project utilises processes necessary to meet quality standards and end item requirements
Provides confidence that we are doing everything we can to ensure the quality of deliverables
Quality Control
ensures that quality assurance activities are performed according to quality plan
ensures that requirements and standards are being met
includes planned quality control activities and ad hoc problem solving
Scope validation
the acceptability of project deliverables by the customer
Ad hoc problem solving
defect repair investigation of nonconformities run charts control charts Pareto diagrams cause-and-effect diagrams
Techniques for Quality Assurance in System Development
Configuration Management Configuration Identification Configuration Control Design Reviews Informal Design Reviews Audits Classification of Characteristics Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Configuration Management
Keeping track of iterations and versions of specifications, schematics, drawings, etc
making sure that we are working on the current relevant information
Configuration Identification
Involves defining a system’s overall structure, subsystems and components
Configuration item (CI)
Any subsystem, component or part that is to be tracked and controlled as an individual entity throughout a system’s life cycle
Design Reviews
PM must ensure that the proposed design is acceptable in all respects
Ensure that the users’ requirements and assumptions have been correctly identified and that the proposed design is able to meet requirements
Proper documentation
Informal Design Reviews
Informal discussions among designers and between designers, manufacturers and other stakeholders
4 main formal reviews
Preliminary design review
Critical design review
Functional readiness review
Product readiness review
Purpose of formal reviews
minimize risks
identify uncertainty
ensure technical integrity
assess alternative engineering approaches
Audits
Broad in scope
includes a variety of investigations and inquiries
Purpose of audits
verify management processes comply with prescribed processes, procedures, and specifications
used to verify technical processes adhere to prescribed procedures
End item defined into a number of characteristics/attributes
Functional
Geometric
Chemical
Physical properties
Classification of Characteristics: categories
critical
- nonconformance results in safety risks
major
- nonconformance results in functionality looks
minor
- nonconformance results in small impairment of functionality
incidental
Purpose of Classification of Characteristics
serves as basis for decisions regarding modifications, waivers, and deviations at all levels of a system
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
technique to determine conditions under which a system might fail and what effects the identified failures would have on the system’s performance, safety and environment
System’s Inspection and Testing
to ensure that components and the end-item system meet requirements
Techniques for Quality Control
Inspection and acceptance testing of final product
- verifies that the product meets specifications
- critical characteristics always inspected
Tools of Quality Control
Run chart
Pareto chart
Cause-and-effect diagram
Control Chart
used for tracking and controlling repetitive processes and detecting process changes
