Cervical Spondylomyelopathy

Question 1

Gasper, JAVMA, 2014:

1. Outcome of OACSM dogs treated conservatively?
2. Outcome of OACSM dogs treated surgically?

Answer 1

Gasper, JAVMA, 2014:

1. OACSM dogs treated conservatively rarely improved neurologically, had progressive tetraparesis and were often euthanized because of OACSM
2. OACSM dogs treated surgically improved and remained stable in neurologic grade before slowly progressing, and were more likely to be euthanized for a reason unrelated to OACSM

Question 2

Martin-Vaquerro and da Costa, JAVMA, 2014:
MRI features in Great Danes

1. Majority of the compressive sites were unchanged with traction - true or false?
2. What % of CSM-affected dogs vs clinically normal dogs had severe foraminal stenosis?

Answer 2

Martin-Vaquerro and da Costa, JAVMA, 2014:

1. True
2. 100% of CSM-affected dogs vs 73% of clinically normal dogs

Question 3

McKee, VCOT, 2016:
Cement plug technique

1. What % had normal or improved neuro function in the short-term?
2. What % had resolved or improved thoracic limb lameness in the short-term?
3. What % were neurologically normal or improved in the long-term?

Answer 3

McKee, VCOT, 2016:

1. 83% had normal or improved neuro function in the short-term
2. 91% had resolved or improved forelimb function in the short-term
3. 65% were neurologically normal or improved in the long-term

Question 4

Provencher, JVIM, 2016:

Effects of flexion and extension on spinal cord compression?

Answer 4

Provencher, JVIM, 2016:

Flexion of the neck was associated with improvement in spinal cord compression whereas extension was associated with worsening of spinal cord compression and development of compressive lesions not identified with neutral positioning

Question 5

Hettlich, Vet Surg, 2017:
2 SOP plates vs 2 titanium LCPs vs monocortical screw + PMMA

1. Was stiffness greater in extension or flexion for all constructs?
2. Difference between constructs?

Answer 5

Hettlich, Vet Surg, 2017:

1. Stiffness was greater in extension than in flexion
2. No difference between constructs; locking plate constructs offered fixation with decreased bulk and improved ability for implant removal if required, compared to screw/PMMA constructs

Question 6

Provencher, VRU, 2017:

Effects of neck extension on spinal cord compression?

Answer 6

Provencher, VRU, 2017:

Extension identified a larger number of compressive sites and was associated with a change in the most severe site of compression in 33% of the dogs

Question 7

Bonelli and da Costa, JVIM, 2019:

1. What % were giant breed dogs?
2. Most common clinical signs?
3. Most common sites of compression?
4. What % had 2 or more sites of compression?
5. What were the most common cause(s) of compression?
6. What % had intervertebral disc degeneration?

Answer 7

Bonelli and da Costa, JVIM, 2019:

1. 80% giant breed dogs
2. Proprioceptive ataxia (90%), cervical pain (45%)
3. C5-6, C6-7 or both
4. 60% had 2 or more sites of compression
5. Articular process proliferation (40%), disc protrusion (10%)
6. 45% had intervertebral disc degeneration

Question 8

Bok, Vet Surg, 2019:
Cervical fusion

1. What % improved?
2. What % subsidence was seen?
3. What % developed implant failure and what % required plate removal?
4. Long-term outcome?

Answer 8

Bok, Vet Surg, 2019:

1. 89% improved
2. 11% subsidence
3. 44% developed implant failure, 22% required plate removal
4. Long-term outcome was good

Question 9

Rohner, VCOT, 2019:
DACSM treated with C-LOX anchored intervertebral spacer

1. What % improved or had normal neuro exam at 3 months post-op?
2. Most common post-op complication?
3. Short-term outcome?

Answer 9

Rohner, VCOT, 2019:

1. 89% improved or had normal neuro exam at 3 months post-op
2. Screw loosening was the most common post-op complication, but only 5% had displacement of the implant
3. Good short-term outcomes