Cerebellar + Neuro Exams Flashcards
What are the cord roots for the following reflexes:
- Biceps
- Brachioradialis
- Triceps
- Knee
- Ankle
- Biceps - C5
- Brachioradialis - C6
- Triceps - C7
- Knee - L3/4
- Ankle - S1
What are the signs of an upper motor neuron lesion
Hypertonia (and ankle clonus)
Disuse atrophy
Pyramidal pattern of weakness (arm extensors weaker than flexors and leg flexors weaker than extensors)
Posititve babinksi
What are some causes of an upper monot neuron lesion
Strokes,
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
What are the signs of a lower motor neuron lesion?
Hypotonia
Flaccid paralysis
Fasiculations
hyporeflexia
Atrophy
What are some causes of a lower motor neuron lesion?
- Peripheral nerve trauma
- Spinal muscylar atrophy
- ALS
- Guillian Barre Syndrome
- Poliomyelitis
What are the signs of cerebellar disease?
Dysdiadochokinesia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech
Hypotonia/heel toe test
DANISH
What is ataxia?
Involuntary movements which interfere with the normal smooth trajectory of movement
What is the classic gait of cerebellar pathology?
Broad based ataxic gait which is slow and staggering
What test is sensitive at identifying dysfunction of the cerebellar vermis?
Tandem gait
What are some causes of cerebellar degeneration?
- Chronic alcohol abuse,
- B12 deficiency,
- Paraneoplastic disorders,
- Neurological disorders
What are the finding possibilities in a romberg’s test?
If patient falls without correction then sensory ataxia (positive rombergs)
If patient sways with correction then cerebellar disease (negative rombergs)
how do you describe nystagmus?
Direction (towards side of cerebellar lesion)
Does it occur on horizontal or vertical gaze?
Does it beat in a horizontal or vertical gaze
