Cerebellar Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

possible causes of cerebellar dysfunction

A

stroke
tumor
chiari malformation
toxicity
trauma
infection
immune mediated
endocrine
multiple systems artophy
idiopathic ataxia
hereditary disorders

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2
Q

what cerebellar dysfunction has an acute/abrupt onset

A

CVA, brain lesions

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3
Q

what cerebellar dysfunction has a rapid progression

A

infarction, immune-mediated disorders

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4
Q

what cerebellar dysfunction has a slower progression

A

paraneoplastic disorders
encephalopathy
vit d deficiency
general med conditions

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5
Q

what cerebellar dysfunction has a chronic progression

A

genetic ataxias
toxins

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6
Q

primary dx for cerebellar dysfunction

A

brain and brainstem MRI

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7
Q

SxS of alcholic ataxia

A

wide footed gait, unsteady
dysarthria
clumsiness of their hands
diplopia, saccades
peripheral neuropathy

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8
Q

wernicke-koraskoff syndrome

A

chronic alcohol use – thiamine (vit B1) deficiency

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9
Q

korsakoff’s psychosis

A

severe impairments in immediate recall
anterograde or retrograde amnesia
disorientation
emotional changes
confabulation

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10
Q

wernicke’s encephalitis

A

confusion
ataxia
opthalmoplegia
anisocoria
nystagmus

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11
Q

chiari malformation

A

congenital condition in which structural abnormalities lead to herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum, compressing involved structures

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12
Q

type 1 chiari malformation

A

symptoms appear in adolescense or adulthood

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13
Q

type 2 chiari malformation

A

symptoms appear in childhood, more severe than type 1

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14
Q

type 3 chiari malformation

A

rare, most severe, seen in babies

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15
Q

symptoms of chiari malformation

A

neck pain
occipital HA
hearing/balance problems
dizziness
vomiting
tinnitus
incoordination

can be asymptomatic

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16
Q

treatment for asymptomatic chiari malformation

17
Q

treatment for symptomatic chiari malformation

A

surgery - posterior fossa decompression

18
Q

friedreich’s ataxia

A

hereditary ataxia

degeneration of spinal and peripheral nerves
onset in childhood

19
Q

SxS of friedreich’s ataxia

A

imbalance, incoordination, dysarthria, dysphagia, weakness

scoliosis, visual/hearing loss, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy

20
Q

prognosis of friedreich’s ataxia

A

mortality between 40-60s

21
Q

what is the common cause of death for friedreich’s ataxia

A

heart disease

22
Q

spinocerebellar ataxia

A

hereditary ataxia

degenerative process involving cerebellum and its efferent and afferent connections

23
Q

spinocerebellar ataxia may affect what

A

basal ganglia
brainstem nuclei
pyramidal tracts
spinal cord
alpha MNs

24
Q

spinocerebellar ataxia prognosis

25
spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
optic atrophy, opthalmoplegia, dementia, amyotrophy, extrapyramidal signs
26
spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
retinal degeneration, which may be associated with opthalmoplegia and extrapyramidal signs
27
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
pure cerebellar ataxia
28
spinocerebellar ataxia type 4
deafness and presence of myoclonus
29
what is the SARA
scale for assessment and rating ataxia
30
what does the SARA evaluate
gait, standing, sitting, speech, finger to nose, nose to finger, RAMs, heel to shin
31
what does the SARA not consider
oculomotor function
32
what is the SARA scale
0 no ataxia 40 most severe ataxia