Cerebellar Dysfunction

Question 1

possible causes of cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 1

stroke
tumor
chiari malformation
toxicity
trauma
infection
immune mediated
endocrine
multiple systems artophy
idiopathic ataxia
hereditary disorders

Question 2

what cerebellar dysfunction has an acute/abrupt onset

Answer 2

CVA, brain lesions

Question 3

what cerebellar dysfunction has a rapid progression

Answer 3

infarction, immune-mediated disorders

Question 4

what cerebellar dysfunction has a slower progression

Answer 4

paraneoplastic disorders
encephalopathy
vit d deficiency
general med conditions

Question 5

what cerebellar dysfunction has a chronic progression

Answer 5

genetic ataxias
toxins

Question 6

primary dx for cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 6

brain and brainstem MRI

Question 7

SxS of alcholic ataxia

Answer 7

wide footed gait, unsteady
dysarthria
clumsiness of their hands
diplopia, saccades
peripheral neuropathy

Question 8

wernicke-koraskoff syndrome

Answer 8

chronic alcohol use – thiamine (vit B1) deficiency

Question 9

korsakoff’s psychosis

Answer 9

severe impairments in immediate recall
anterograde or retrograde amnesia
disorientation
emotional changes
confabulation

Question 10

wernicke’s encephalitis

Answer 10

confusion
ataxia
opthalmoplegia
anisocoria
nystagmus

Question 11

chiari malformation

Answer 11

congenital condition in which structural abnormalities lead to herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum, compressing involved structures

Question 12

type 1 chiari malformation

Answer 12

symptoms appear in adolescense or adulthood

Question 13

type 2 chiari malformation

Answer 13

symptoms appear in childhood, more severe than type 1

Question 14

type 3 chiari malformation

Answer 14

rare, most severe, seen in babies

Question 15

symptoms of chiari malformation

Answer 15

neck pain
occipital HA
hearing/balance problems
dizziness
vomiting
tinnitus
incoordination

can be asymptomatic

Question 16

treatment for asymptomatic chiari malformation

Answer 16

monitor

Question 17

treatment for symptomatic chiari malformation

Answer 17

surgery - posterior fossa decompression

Question 18

friedreich’s ataxia

Answer 18

hereditary ataxia

degeneration of spinal and peripheral nerves
onset in childhood

Question 19

SxS of friedreich’s ataxia

Answer 19

imbalance, incoordination, dysarthria, dysphagia, weakness

scoliosis, visual/hearing loss, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy

Question 20

prognosis of friedreich’s ataxia

Answer 20

mortality between 40-60s

Question 21

what is the common cause of death for friedreich’s ataxia

Answer 21

heart disease

Question 22

spinocerebellar ataxia

Answer 22

hereditary ataxia

degenerative process involving cerebellum and its efferent and afferent connections

Question 23

spinocerebellar ataxia may affect what

Answer 23

basal ganglia
brainstem nuclei
pyramidal tracts
spinal cord
alpha MNs

Question 24

spinocerebellar ataxia prognosis

Answer 24

unknown

Question 25

spinocerebellar ataxia type 1

Answer 25

optic atrophy, opthalmoplegia, dementia, amyotrophy, extrapyramidal signs

Question 26

spinocerebellar ataxia type 2

Answer 26

retinal degeneration, which may be associated with opthalmoplegia and extrapyramidal signs

Question 27

spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

Answer 27

pure cerebellar ataxia

Question 28

spinocerebellar ataxia type 4

Answer 28

deafness and presence of myoclonus

Question 29

what is the SARA

Answer 29

scale for assessment and rating ataxia

Question 30

what does the SARA evaluate

Answer 30

gait, standing, sitting, speech, finger to nose, nose to finger, RAMs, heel to shin

Question 31

what does the SARA not consider

Answer 31

oculomotor function

Question 32

what is the SARA scale

Answer 32

0 no ataxia
40 most severe ataxia