Cerebellar Dysfunction Flashcards
possible causes of cerebellar dysfunction
stroke
tumor
chiari malformation
toxicity
trauma
infection
immune mediated
endocrine
multiple systems artophy
idiopathic ataxia
hereditary disorders
what cerebellar dysfunction has an acute/abrupt onset
CVA, brain lesions
what cerebellar dysfunction has a rapid progression
infarction, immune-mediated disorders
what cerebellar dysfunction has a slower progression
paraneoplastic disorders
encephalopathy
vit d deficiency
general med conditions
what cerebellar dysfunction has a chronic progression
genetic ataxias
toxins
primary dx for cerebellar dysfunction
brain and brainstem MRI
SxS of alcholic ataxia
wide footed gait, unsteady
dysarthria
clumsiness of their hands
diplopia, saccades
peripheral neuropathy
wernicke-koraskoff syndrome
chronic alcohol use – thiamine (vit B1) deficiency
korsakoff’s psychosis
severe impairments in immediate recall
anterograde or retrograde amnesia
disorientation
emotional changes
confabulation
wernicke’s encephalitis
confusion
ataxia
opthalmoplegia
anisocoria
nystagmus
chiari malformation
congenital condition in which structural abnormalities lead to herniation of cerebellum through foramen magnum, compressing involved structures
type 1 chiari malformation
symptoms appear in adolescense or adulthood
type 2 chiari malformation
symptoms appear in childhood, more severe than type 1
type 3 chiari malformation
rare, most severe, seen in babies
symptoms of chiari malformation
neck pain
occipital HA
hearing/balance problems
dizziness
vomiting
tinnitus
incoordination
can be asymptomatic
treatment for asymptomatic chiari malformation
monitor
treatment for symptomatic chiari malformation
surgery - posterior fossa decompression
friedreich’s ataxia
hereditary ataxia
degeneration of spinal and peripheral nerves
onset in childhood
SxS of friedreich’s ataxia
imbalance, incoordination, dysarthria, dysphagia, weakness
scoliosis, visual/hearing loss, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy
prognosis of friedreich’s ataxia
mortality between 40-60s
what is the common cause of death for friedreich’s ataxia
heart disease
spinocerebellar ataxia
hereditary ataxia
degenerative process involving cerebellum and its efferent and afferent connections
spinocerebellar ataxia may affect what
basal ganglia
brainstem nuclei
pyramidal tracts
spinal cord
alpha MNs
spinocerebellar ataxia prognosis
unknown
spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
optic atrophy, opthalmoplegia, dementia, amyotrophy, extrapyramidal signs
spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
retinal degeneration, which may be associated with opthalmoplegia and extrapyramidal signs
spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
pure cerebellar ataxia
spinocerebellar ataxia type 4
deafness and presence of myoclonus
what is the SARA
scale for assessment and rating ataxia
what does the SARA evaluate
gait, standing, sitting, speech, finger to nose, nose to finger, RAMs, heel to shin
what does the SARA not consider
oculomotor function
what is the SARA scale
0 no ataxia
40 most severe ataxia
