A&P Review

Question 1

role of peripheral and central vestibular systems

Answer 1

estimates body position/movement
postural control
control eye movement
autonomic function and consciousness
project information throughout our cortex, brainstem and cerebellum

Question 2

pitch

Answer 2

flexion / extension

Question 3

yaw

Answer 3

rotation

Question 4

roll

Answer 4

lateral flexion

Question 5

peripheral 3 primary functions

Answer 5

1. stabilize visual images on the fovea of the retina during head movement allow for clear vision
2. maintain postural instability, especially during movement of head
3. provide information for spatial orientation

Question 6

the vestibular labyrinth contains what

Answer 6

bony and membranous labyrinth

Question 7

bony labyrinth contains what and what is it

Answer 7

perilymphatic fluid + supportive connective tissue
suspension system that keeps away from the bone

Question 8

how does the bony labyrinth communicate with CSF

Answer 8

via cochlear aqueduct

Question 9

what does the membranous labyrinth contain

Answer 9

endolymph fluid, vestibule, 3 semicircular canals

Question 10

what is the vestibule

Answer 10

otolith organs: utricle and saccule

Question 11

the otolith organs relay info how

Answer 11

linear acceleration/deceleration of head/neck & static head position

Question 12

utricle detects movement in the ____ plane

Answer 12

horizontal

Question 13

saccule detects movement in the _____ plane

Answer 13

vertical

Question 14

stereocilia/hair cells motion receptors do what

Answer 14

transduce minute displacements into behaviorally relevant potentials

Question 15

movement of stereocilia towards kinocilium:

Answer 15

excitatory

Question 16

movement of stereocilia away from kinocilium:

Answer 16

inhibitatory

Question 17

what is the layer on top of the macula

Answer 17

otoconia

Question 18

what is the otoconia

Answer 18

calcium carbonate crystals
heavier

Question 19

why are the otoconia heavier

Answer 19

help exaggerate gravitational pull to excite/inhibit easier

Question 20

utricle: stereocilia located on the ___ of the organ, kinocilium position towards ____

Answer 20

floor
midline

Question 21

saccule: stereocilia located on ___ of organ, kinocilium positioned towards ____

Answer 21

medial wall
lateral

Question 22

ampulla is what

Answer 22

bulbous formation at the start or finish of each canal

Question 23

what does the ampulla contain

Answer 23

cupula which houses stereocilia
not gravity dependent
endolymph moves in opposite direction
NO kinocilium

Question 24

direction of hair cell displacement in relation to the _____ dictates the type of polarized response elicited

Answer 24

utricle

Question 25

TOWARDS utricle

Answer 25

utriculopedal cupular displacement

Question 26

AWAY from utricle

Answer 26

utriculofugal cupular displacmeent

Question 27

utriculopedal cupular displacement is ___ for the horizontal canal and _____ for the anterior/posterior canal

Answer 27

excitatory inhibitory

Question 28

utriculofugal cupular displacement is ___ for the anterior/posterior canal and _____ for the horizontal canal

Answer 28

excitatory inhibitory

Question 29

what artery supplies the vestibular labyrinth

Answer 29

labyrinthine artery

Question 30

what supplies the vestibular nerve, utricle, ampullae of anterior and horizontal SCC

Answer 30

anterior vestibular artery

Question 31

what supplies the cochlea, ampulla of posterior SCC, saccule

Answer 31

common cochlear artery

Question 32

generates eye movements that enable clear vision while head is in motion

Answer 32

vestibulo-ocular reflex VOR

Question 33

generates compensatory body movement to maintain head and postural stability

Answer 33

vestibulospinal reflex VSR

Question 34

acts on neck musculature to stabilize the head

Answer 34

vestibulocollic reflex VCR

Question 35

interacts closely with VOR eye movements driven by neck proprioceptors

Answer 35

cervico-ocular reflex COR

Question 36

changes in limb position driven by neck afferent activity can supplement VSR

Answer 36

cervicospinal reflex CSR

Question 37

helps stabilize head on body afferent input caused by changes in neck position --> contrlateral reflexive contraction of appropriate neck muscles

Answer 37

cervicocollic reflex CCR

Question 38

which nuclei is the principle vestibular relay

Answer 38

lateral nucleus

Question 39

which nuclei does VOR and VSR relay

Answer 39

medial nucleus

Question 40

which nuclei does VOR relay

Answer 40

superior nucleus

Question 41

which nuclei does cerebellar and reticular formation relay

Answer 41

inferior nucleus

Question 42

which vestibulospinal tracts travels to the thoracic spinal cord to extensor musculature? head/body position in space walking upright righting and equilibrium reactions

Answer 42

lateral vestibulospinal tract

Question 43

which vestibulospinal tract travels to the cervical spinal cord to extensor musculature? head movements integrating head/eye movements

Answer 43

medial vestibulospinal tract

Question 44

VOR/VSR suppression does what

Answer 44

flocculonodular node leads to inhibitory drive to VOR/VSR

Question 45

vestibulocerebellar tract does what

Answer 45

intended vs actual movement/error correcting mechanism vestibular nuclei to flocculonodular node

Question 46

what does the cerebellar-cortical loop do

Answer 46

adaptation of postural responses based on prior experiences central integrative data flocculonodular node to vestibular cortex