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Neuro 2 > BG disorders > Flashcards

BG disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is vascular parkinsonism

A

features of parkinsonism caused by multiple small CVAs

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2
Q

common symptoms of vascular parkinsonism

A

symmetrical LE typical parkinsonisms

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3
Q

treatment and prognosis for vascular parkinsonism

A

CVA management

fair - multi-focal strokes prognosis is low

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4
Q

atypical parkinsonism

A

progressive supranuclear palsy
multiple system atrophy
lewy body dementia
cortical basal degeneration

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5
Q

what is the most common atypical parkinsonism

A

progressive supranuclear palsy

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6
Q

how is PSP caused

A

atrophy of frontal convexity, subthalamic nucleaus, thalamus and midbrain structures

depigmentation of substantia nigra and other brainstem nuclei

rapid atrogliosis and neuronal loss

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7
Q

how is PSP diagnosed

A

clinical exam
MRI

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8
Q

what is seen in an MRI with PSP

A

frontal lobe, subthalamic and putamen atrophy
morning glory sign
hummingbird sign

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9
Q

what is the morning glory sign with PSP

A

concave midbrain - looks like a flower

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10
Q

what is the hummingbird sign with PSP

A

flat midbrain looks like a hummingbird in the sagittal view

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11
Q

what symptoms are more significant with PSP

A

gait and falls

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12
Q

what is seen in regards to their eyes when having PSP

A

supranuclear opthalmoplegia

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13
Q

what is supranuclear opthalmoplegia

A

limited vertical eye movement
loss of convergence
impaired vertical saccades
loss of visual acuity
loss of eyelid control

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14
Q

what is a significant sign with PSP

A

fixed mona lisa stare - suprised expression

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15
Q

treatment and prognosis for PSP?

A

treatment: no effective treatment, meds may help

prognosis: mortality 5-8 yrs

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16
Q

what is multiple system atrophy

A

rare neurodegenerative disorder with autonomic dysfunction

accumulation of proteins in glial cells - involved in oligodendrocytes

17
Q

what regions are most involved with MSA

A

basal ganglia
cerebellum
pons
inferior olivary nucleus
intermediolateral column of thoracic and sacral spinal cord

18
Q

MSA diagnosis

A

clinical exam
PET scan
MRI - hot cross buns

19
Q

what is the premotor phase with MSA

A

disorder months to years before first motor symptoms appear

sexual dysfunction, urinary urge incontinence, OH, inspiratory stridor, REM sleep behavior

20
Q

what are some unique symptoms present with MSA

A

coat hanger pain - worse standing up
antecollis - chin on chest
pisa syndrome - leaning to one side
REM sleep behavior disorder

Neuro 2 (37 decks)

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