CENTRAL VESTIBULAR PROJECTION - MODULE

Question 1

In the transmission of robust vestibular information to the CNS Afferents of vestibular organs carry info to electrical impulses to…

Answer 1

to vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 2

Central processes that travel within the vestibular branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve and enter the brainstem where?

Answer 2

at the pontomedullary junction

Question 3

Where is the vestibular nuclei complex located

Answer 3

at the posterior tegmentum within the brainstem

Question 4

Vestibular nuclei complexes receive afferents from the ____ and relay ____

Answer 4

vestibular apparatus vestibular information

Question 5

The nuclei complex is divided into what?

Answer 5

lateral vestibular nuclei

Medial vestibular nuclei

Question 6

What type of information does the lateral vestibular process? where is this info coming from?

Answer 6

about linear acceleration

from the otolith organs

Question 7

What type of information does the medial vestibular process? where is this info coming from?

Answer 7

about rotational acceleration

from semicircular ducts

Question 8

the vestibular nuclei receive information from the cerebellum related to _____ f

Answer 8

balance

Question 9

what is the term for the parts of the cerebellum which are reciprocally interconnected with the vestibular nuclei

Answer 9

vestibulocerebellum

Question 10

What are the 4 vestibulocerebellum

Answer 10

Fastigial nuclei
Flocculus
Nodulus
Oculomotor vermis

Question 11

What does the fastigial nuclei do

Answer 11

contributes to the vestibular cervical reflex and vestibular spinal reflex for postural stability

Question 12

What does the flocculus do

Answer 12

Generates compensatory eye movements and contributes to the vestibulo-ocular reflex

Question 13

What does the nodulus do

Answer 13

Receives vestibular input from the vestibular nuclei complex

Question 14

What does the oculomotor vermis do

Answer 14

coordinates vestibular, oculomotor and cortical input

Question 15

What does vestibulocervical reflex do

Answer 15

facilitates postural adjustments of the head muscles in response to movement

Question 16

What does the vestibulospinal reflex facilitate

Answer 16

postural stability of the body with input to musculature in the legs and trunk

Question 17

What are the steps to the vestibulo-ocular reflex (hard question)

Answer 17

1. semicircular ducts detect rotational acceleration
2. Afferents of the semicircular ducts project to the medial vestibular nucle
3. input project to the contralateral abducens nuclei
4. abducens nuclei excite extraocular motorneurons that innervate ipsilateral muscles via CN VI
   4b. Internuclear neurons send projection through the ascending medial longitudinal fasciculus and oculomotor nucleus to extraocular motoneurons innervating contralateral muscles via (CN III)

Question 18

What are the steps of the vestibuloocervical reflex

Answer 18

1. Semicircular ducts detect rotational acceleration
2. afferents of the semicircular ducts project to the medial vestibular nuclei
3. fibers travel in the descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
4. input to the cervical levels of the spinal cord allow for head and neck muscles to respond accordingly

Question 19

The vestibulospinal reflex works in response to… detected by…

Answer 19

rotational and linear acceleration

detected by the semicircular ducts and otolith organs

Question 20

The vestibulospinal reflex facilitates rapid adjustments by muscles of the trunk and lower limb through..

Answer 20

both lateral vestibulospinal tract and descending medial longitudinal fasciculus

Question 21

What is the vestibulospinal reflex’s response to rotational acceleration

Answer 21

1. semicicular ducts detect rotational acceleration
2. afferents of the semicircular ducts project to the medial vestibular nuclei
3. fibers travel in the descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
4. input all levels of the spinal cord allow for muscles of the trunk and lower limb to respond accordingly

Question 22

What is the vestibulospinal reflex’s response to linear acceleration

Answer 22

1. Otolith organs detect linear acceleration
2. Afferents of the otolith organs project to the lateral vestibular nuclei
3. fibers travel in the lateral vesibulospinal tract
4. input all levels of the spinal cord allow for muscles of the trunk and lower limb to respond accordingly

Question 23

Projections from the vestibular nuclei to the cortex are believed to contribute to…

Answer 23

proprioception and our perception of extra-personal space

Question 24

Where is the vestibular cortical target located

Answer 24

Located at the primary and secondary somatosensory areas, which also receive convergent visual and somatosensory information