central nervous system stimulants and related drugs (4) Flashcards
what is the most common psychiatric disorder in children
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- boys > girls
- poor attention span, hyperactivity, impulsivity
_____: unexpected falling asleep during normal daily activities
narcolepsy
(cataplexy: sudden falling acute skeletal muscle weakness)
______: common type of recurring headache, usually lasting 4-72 hours
migraine
________: increase specific CNS nerve/receptor excitability to control behaviors
CNS stimulants
(sympathomimetic drugs cause mimicking response of the flight-fight response)
name two nonamphetamines (ADHD)
- atomoxetine (must be at least 6yrs old)
- modafinil (approved for narcolepsy for narcolepsy with night-shift workers; lower abuse potential)
_______: stimulate areas of the brain associated with mental alertness and lowers appetite
amphetamines (ADHD/narcolepsy/obesity)
(improved oxygenation, improved mood and work.learning capacity, decreased fatigue/drowsiness)
name three examples of amphetamines
methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, amphetamine
name some adverse effects of amphetamines
angina and dysrhythmias
(“speed up” body systems)
what is an adverse effect of amphetamines in children
slows growth and development in children (must monitor height/weight)
when should the last daily dose of amphetamines be given
- should be given 4-6 hours before bedtime to reduce insomnia (EMPTY STOMACH)
for amphetamines what are drug “holidays”
allow breaks from side effects, treatment evaluation, allow growth/development
(instruct parents to keep a journal to monitor child’s response to therapy; monitor child for continued physical growth - height/weight)
anorexiants are _____
stimulants
name two stimulant (anorexiant) drug examples
benzphetamine, methamphetamine
what time of day should anorexiants (stimulates) be taken
in the morning
what should be limited and carefully supervised when taking anorexiants (stimulants)
- careful, supervised diet and exercise
- limit caffeine/stimulants; no alcohol
(manage anticholinergic effects)
_____ is an anorexiant nonstimulant
orlistat
what two things do anorexiant nonstimulants inhibit
- intestinal absorption caloric intake from fatty foods
- inhibits enzyme lipase
name some side effects of orlistat (anorexiant nonstimulants)
oily spotting, flatulence, fecal incontinence oily stools
(restrict dietary of fat to less than 30
5 of total calories helps reduce GI side effects)
______: absorptive therapy for migraines (given with acute migraine - not for daily maintenance)
antimigraine drugs
name three examples of antimigraine drugs
- serotonin agonists
- onabotulinumtoxin A (for chronic migraines)
- ergot alkaloids
name an example of a serotonin agonist
sumatriptan
what is an adverse effect of serotonin agonists
vasoconstriction (high BP)
- BP must be below 150 systolic to administer
what is the black box warning for onabotulinumtoxin A
toxin may spread past injection site resulting in dysphagia and breathing difficulties
what is the black box warning for ergot alkaloids
toxin may spread past injection site causing dysphagia and breathing difficulties
name some adverse effects of ergot alkaloids
chest pain, confusion, slurred speech, vision changes need immediate medical attention
name some side/adverse effects for analeptics (respiratory depression syndrome)
elevated respiratory rate (usually desired effect)
- must watch for issues with airway, breathing, and circulation
name some nursing implications of analeptics (overdose/chronic use)
- overdose or chronic use cause insomnia, anxiety, and restlessness
what is a nursing implication for children taking analeptics
assess baseline height and weight
_____ is an example of an analeptic
caffeine
use caffeine with caution in patients with a history of what
peptic ulcer, recent myocardial infarction (heart attack), dysrhythmias
nursing implications for ADHD medications
decreases hyperactivity, increased attention span and concentration
(Monitor for therapeutic responses)
nursing implications for anorexiants
appetite control and weight loss
(Monitor for therapeutic responses)
nursing implications for serotonin agonists
decrease in frequency, duration, and severity of migraines
(Monitor for therapeutic responses)