antiepileptic drugs (3) Flashcards
what is an adverse effect of antiepileptic drugs
black box warning = suicidal thoughts and behaviors
_____: barbiturate that has the longest half-life of AEDs which allows for daily dosing
phenobarbital
primidone is metabolized in the _____ into phenobarbital
liver
what is the most common side effect of barbiturates (phenobarbital and primidone)
sedation
name some adverse effects of barbiturates (phenobarbital and primidone)
cardiovascular, CNS, gastrointestinal tract, and dermatologic issues
hydantoins (phenytoin) have _____ therapeutic drug levels between q0-20 mcg/mL
narrow (safe levels and toxic levels are very close together; must watch for symptoms of toxic levels)
hydantoins are highly protein bound meaning a patient must have an adequate value for what lab
albumin (3.5-5 g/dL)
side/adverse effects of hydantoins (phenytoin)
gingival hyperplasia (extra dental care needed), acne, hirsutism, facial changes, osteoporosis
name two examples of iminostilbenes
carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine
for carbamazepine, hepatic autoreduction results in what
lower than expected drug levels
what is gabapentin most often used to treat
peripheral neuropathy (nerve pain)
name some of the most common uses of pregabalin
neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia fibromyalgia
levetiracetam is used as adjunct therapy to treat _______
focal (partial) seizures
lamotrigine is used to treat what (2)
bipolar disorder; focal (partial) seizures
what is an adverse effect of lamotrigine
stevens-johnson syndrome
for administration of oral antiepileptic drugs what is a nursing implication about when doses should be taken
- take regularly, same time each day
- missing a single does can lead to withdrawal seizures
if a patient is taking antiepileptic drugs but is NPO for a procedure what should the nurse do
contact the prescriber regarding new AED dosage and route
nursing implication regarding the administration of IV phenytoin
use only normal saline with the medications and push very slowly
