Cellular Respiration: (Usable Energy)

Question 1

Voluntary actions: (motion):

Answer 1

Organisms need energy to make their muscles contract. This allows them to walk, fight, make noise, and run.

Question 2

Involuntary actions: (breathing):

Answer 2

Organisms need energy to contract muscles in and around their lungs to breathe.

Question 3

Involuntary actions: (thinking):

Answer 3

Organisms need energy to activate nerve cells in their brains.

Question 4

Involuntary actions: (growth):

Answer 4

Organisms use energy to make enzymes and to activate chemical reactions that build new cells. These new cells will result in growth.

Question 5

Involuntary actions: (repair):

Answer 5

Organisms use energy to repair or replace cells that are damaged.

Question 6

Involuntary actions: (active transport):

Answer 6

Organisms need energy to transport materials throughout their cells and bodies.

Question 7

Energy (photosynthesis and cellular respiration):

Answer 7

•photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy (PGAL glucose).
-uses intermediate products: NADPH and ATP.
•cellular respiration breaks down glucose into usable energy (ATP) for the cell.
-uses intermediate products: FADH2, ATP and NADH (are all electron/energy carriers).

Question 8

Energy:

Answer 8

•glucose taken in from plants is not usable by the human body for energy.
•mammals need to break down the glucose into a usable form so that we can extract the energy from it.
•the usable form of energy that our bodies can use is “ATP”.
•cellular respiration is the process by which our bodies break down the ingested glucose and convert it into ATP.

Question 9

Cellular respiration:

Answer 9

•releases energy in glucose by oxidizing it:
-electrons are removed.
-energy is released.
-CO2 and H2O are produced.
•oxygen rich environments:
-organisms can carry out aerobic cellular respiration (requires O2 to produce ATP).
•oxygen poor environments:
-some organisms cannot carry out aerobic cellular respiration, some do anaerobic cellular respiration (doesn’t require O2 to produce ATP).
•ex. Chemosynthetic bacteria,
-occasionally, humans do it too!

Question 10

3 pathways for energy release:

Answer 10

-1. Aerobic cellular respiration (oxic environment). (Produce way more ATP).
-2. Anaerobic cellular respiration (anoxic environment). (Produce less ATP).
-3. Fermentation (anoxic environment) (produce less ATP).

Question 11

Steps involved:

Answer 11

-aerobic cellular respiration involves three metabolic pathways:
-1. Glycolysis.
-2. Krebs cycle.
-3. Electron transport chain (ETC).
-aerobic cellular respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose to release energy.

Question 12

NOTE:

Answer 12

-aerobic respiration produces more ATP molecules than either type of anaerobic respiration.
-the first stage for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration is glycolysis!

Question 13

Voluntary actions:

Answer 13

Motion.

Question 14

Involuntary actions:

Answer 14

Breathing, thinking, growth, repair, active transport.

Question 15

Mitochondria:

Answer 15

There’s an inner membrane, outer membrane. The folds of the inner membrane are called cristae. The matrix is the outside part.

Question 16

When ATP is broken down it releases some energy as:

Answer 16

Heat.