Body Systems: Circulatory/Immune Systems (Cardiovascular Disorders And Treatments) Flashcards
Pulmonary and systemic pathways:
-Pulmonary circulation: vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs.
-Systemic circulation: vessels that carry blood from the body.
Coronary pathway:
-The heart has a separate blood supply.
-Coronary arteries supply cardiac muscle with O2 and other nutrients.
-The heart is encircled in a network of blood vessels like a crown (“coronary” = corona = Latin for crown).
Atherosclerosis:
-A condition where there is a build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tissue) inside of the artery walls.
-Narrowing = higher pressure, which leads to: Agina (chest pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack, heart failure.
Atherosclerosis treatment:
-Aspirin— reduces formation of clots.
-Clot busting medication.
-Angioplasty (balloon inserted).
-Stent (permanent metal tube).
-Coronary bypass surgery (healthy artery creates a new pathway).
Atherosclerosis full:
-A condition where there is a build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tissue) inside of the artery walls.
-Narrowing = higher pressure, which leads to: Agina (chest pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack, heart failure.
-Treatment:
-Aspirin— reduces formation of clots.
-Clot busting medication.
-Angioplasty (balloon inserted).
-Stent (permanent metal tube).
-Coronary bypass surgery (healthy artery creates a new pathway).
Heart murmur:
-Congenital (born with).
-Misflow of blood in the heart.
-Valves not opening or closing properly.
-Valve defects can be heard with a stethoscope.
-Problems in the walls of the chambers.
Risk factors of heart disease:
-Lack of exercise/cardiovascular activity.
-Diets high in saturated fats.
-Smoking.
-Genetics.
-Obesity.
-High blood pressure.
Hypertension:
-High blood pressure: causes blood vessels to weaken or even rupture.
-Results in build-up of connective tissue as body tries to repair, making arteries hard and less elastic.
Hypotension:
-Low blood pressure: reduces bodies ability to transport blood.
-Problem for your brain because blood pressure has to work against the force of gravity to get up there = dizzy spells.
Sinus rhythm:
-Normal.
-60 to 120 b/min.
Arrhythmias:
-Abnormal rhythm.
Bradycardia:
-Slow heart rate.
-Normal Rhythm.
Tachycardia:
-Sinus tachycardia:
•Normal rhythm, fast rate.
-Ventricular tachycardia:
•Abnormal rhythm.
•Leads to ventricular fibrillation.
Atrial flutter:
-Unusually fast atrial rate.
-Early— extra p waves.
-Later—saw tooth.
-Causes— caffeine, alcohol, stress, Amphetamines.
-Discomfort, palpitations.
Atrial fibrillation:
-No organized electrical pattern in the atria.
-No p waves.
-Palpitations, discomfort.
-Electric conversion.
-Ablation (burn/freeze some parts).
•Risk of clotting.