Cellular Control Flashcards
1
Q
What is a mutation ?
A
- A change in DNA base sequence caused by mutagens.
2
Q
What is a mutagen ?
A
- Outside factors that increase the rate of mutations
3
Q
What are the types of mutations ?
A
- Point Mutations
- Indel mutations
4
Q
What are the point mutations ?
A
- Only affects one base
- Substitution
- Insertion
- Deletion
5
Q
What causes a frameshift mutation? What is it?
A
- Insertion and Deletion disrupts triplet code reading .`
6
Q
Substitution definition
A
-A form of gene mutation in which one nucleotide base is exchanged for
another. This may change an amino acid or produce the same amino acid (due to the
degeneracy of the genetic code).
7
Q
Insertion defintion
A
-A form of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotide bases are added to a
DNA sequence. This may lead to a frameshift mutation, changing every successive codon.
8
Q
Deletion definition
A
- Deletion: A form of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotide bases are removed from a DNA sequence. This may lead to a frameshift mutation, changing every successive codon.
9
Q
What are the effects of a mutation
A
- Silent/Neutral - no effect (DNA degenerate)
- Beneficial - Enhanced function of protein (rare)
- Damaging/Harmful - Malfunctioning protein made
10
Q
What are the types of mutations ?
A
- Nonsense - codon due to particular mutation has changed into a stop codon
- Missense - particular amino acid change - degenerate coding has changing
