Cell cycle Flashcards
What is the cell cycle (simple) ?
-It starts with a parent cell and ends with 2 genetically identical daughter cells
What are the uses of cell cycle?
-Growth,repair and replacement of cells in tissues of multicellular organisms.
- Also essential for asexual reproduction in plants,fungi, some animals and single celled organisms.
What stage does a cell spend most of its time in?
- interphase
In what stage does the DNA replicate?
- s phase
How can you tell that a chromosome has been replicated ?
- Looks like and X / has a copy of itself attached
In what stage does the nucleus divide?
- Mitosis
In what stage does the cell divide?
- cytokinesis
What stage are specialised (differentiated cells) in?
- G0 - cells have left the cell cycle
Draw and explain the cell cycle on your whiteboard
check on google did you get it right ?
What metabolic functions occur during interphase ?
In addition to normal metabolic functions:
- DNA replication
- Checking that replication is accurate
- Production of new organelles
- Cells increase in size
-** Protein synthesis**
- ATP production increases
-
What happens in G1 first growth phase?
- Transcription / translation / Protein synthesis occurs
- Organelles duplicate
- Cell grows in size.
- G1 checkpoint:
- The cell checks that the chemicals needed for replication are present and it checks for any damage to the DNA before entering S phase
What is G0 phase ?
A resting phase can be triggered in early G1
- Cells which enter this phase do not go on to replicate.
- Cells in G0 may:
- Differentiate and become specialised
- Undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis)
- Become senescent (have completed the maximum number of cell divisions)
What takes place in the S phase ?
**S: Synthesis phase: **
-DNA is replicated
-During DNA replication DNA polymerase makes many random and spontaneous errors resulting in mutations to DNA
-These can be beneficial, neutral or harmful
What takes place in G2 ?
-Cell grows in size
-ATP production increases
-Protein synthesis for spindle fibres for mitosis.
G2 checkpoint:
-The cell checks whether all the DNA has been replicated without any damage. If it has the cell can enter mitosis
PMAT - pretty mary aint tall
What are the stages of mitosis and what is it?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- mitosis is a form of cell division that produces identical cells, there are four
stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.