Cells B1 Flashcards
State 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic don’t. Prokaryotic cells are significantly smaller than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have plasmid loops of DNA and have no mitochondria.
State the function of mitochondria.
Mitochondria provide cells with the energy they need to function and are the site of aerobic respiration.
What is the function of a cell membrane?
A cell membrane is a barrier which controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
What are 2 functions of a nucleus?
A nucleus controls the cell and stores genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromosomes.
State the function of a cytoplasm.
A cytoplasm is where most chemical reactions take place.
State the function of ribosomes.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of a cell wall and what is it made of?
A cell wall provides strength and support and it is made of cellulose.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole and what does it contain?
The permanent vacuole supports the cell and contains cell sap, which is a mixture of sugar, water and salts.
What is the function of chloroplasts and what do they contain?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis.
State 3 sub-cellular structures that are only in plant cells.
Chloroplasts, cell wall and permanent vacuole.
State 5 sub-cellular structures that are in both animal and plant cells.
Nucleus, ribosomes, cell membrane, mitochondria and cytoplasm.
What is chromosomal DNA in bacteria cells?
Chromosomal DNA is one long circular chromosome that controls the cell’s activity and replication. It floats freely in the cytoplasm.
What are plasmids in bacteria cells?
Plasmids are small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance.
What is a flagellum?
A flagellum is a tail-like structure that allows the cell to move through liquids.
What is a slime capsule in bacteria cells?
The slime capsule protects the cell.
