Cells and cell specialisation

Question 1

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 1

Sites for aerobic respiration produce energy

Question 2

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 2

Contains chlorophyll absorbs sunlight to produce glucose in photosynthesis

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

Controls cell activities and determines characteristics of organisms, carries the DNA and genetic make-up of the cell

Question 4

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 4

site of protein synthesis

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Controls what goes in and out

Question 6

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 6

Supports the cell and gives shape to the cell

Question 7

What organelles do plant cells have?

Answer 7

Vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, ribosome cell wall cell membrane

Question 8

What organelles do animal cells have?

Answer 8

Nucleus cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 9

Definition of cell differentiation

Answer 9

Stem cells differentiate into specialised cells that have a particular structure and composition that allows them to perform a specific function

Question 10

What is the function of the phloem cell and what adaptations does it have?

Answer 10

Function is to transport and dissolve food. Adaptations are living cell that is supported by Companion so has holes in the end. Cell walls to allow dissolved food to flow easily has very few organelles to aid the flow of materials.

Question 11

What is the function of an adaptation of the muscle cells?

Answer 11

To contract for movement has a lot of mitochondria to produce energy for muscle contraction has layers of protein filaments, which can slide over each other causing muscle contraction

Question 12

What is the function and adaptation of the xylem cell?

Answer 12

Transport, water and minerals, dead cells that does not contain any organelles or cytoplasm to allow three passage of water. No walls between cells to allow free passage of water, thicken walls with linen to strengthen the xylem tube and support the plant.

Question 13

What is the function of annotation of a root hair cell?

Answer 13

Absorb water and minerals from the soil has root hair to increase surface area increases rate of water uptake by osmosis has mitochondria for active transport of minerals into cells thin walls so there is a shorter diffusion distance for water to move into cell

Question 14

What is the function and adaptation of a sperm cell?

Answer 14

To pass on fathers genes in reproduction.
Acrosome in the head contains digestive enzymes which can break down outer layer of egg cell.
Has many mitochondria in mid-peace to release energy via respiration for tail movement.
Has tail for movement.

Question 15

What is the function an adaptation of the nerve cell?

Answer 15

To conduct nerve impulses
Has a cell body when most protein synthesis occurs.
Extension of cytoplasm from cell body, forming dendrites allows neuron to communicate with other neurons. Has Axson covered with a fatty sheath, speeds up nerve impulse

Question 16

How many chromosomes does a cell have?

Answer 16

46

Question 17

What is a cell cycle?

Answer 17

A series of stages in the life of a cell

Question 18

What are the two major stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 18

The growth phase and mitosis

Question 19

What is the growth phase?

Answer 19

DNA replication to form two copies of each chromosome attached to each other at the chromatid increase in number of organelles ribosomes mitochondria happens before cell divides

Question 20

What is mitosis?

Answer 20

One chromosome from each set is port each end of cell, a new nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes cytokinesis occurs in divide the cytoplasm and cell membranes to genetically identical daughter cells are formed

Question 21

What are the three types of cells that an undifferentiated cells can differentiate into?

Answer 21

Embryonic stem cells (animal cells)
Adult stem cells.(animal)
Meristem cell (plant)

Question 22

What is the sauce of the embryonic cell and the potential of the cell and what can be produced from the embryonic cell

Answer 22

Source :On the inside layer of embryo
Potential of cell: undifferentiated
What company produced from embryonic cell: anybody sell all different specialise cells

Question 23

What is the source of an adult sell the potential of the adult stem cell and what company produced from the adult stem cell?

Answer 23

Source: bone, morrow, skin, other organs, such as liver and brain, umbilical cord
Potential of cell: limited ability to differentiate.
What can be produced from them: red blood cell cells found in different layers of the skin cells, found in these organs, such as liver and brain cells of the blood muscle and nerve cells

Question 24

What is the source of the meristem cell? What is the potential of the meristem cells? What can be produced from the meristem cells?

Answer 24

Source: tipoff, shoots, and roots in between the xylem and phloem cell
Potential of self: undifferentiated?
What can be produced from Tom: one cell has the ability to divide to produce a whole new plant.

Question 25

Three. Benefits of cloning.

Answer 25

Cloning could be used to help preserve endangered species of plants and animals.
Cloning makes it possible to quickly and cheaply produce commercial quantities of consistently high quality plants at any time of the year.
Cloning allows farmers to ensure consistently high quality, livestock.

Question 26

Risks of cloning

Answer 26

Cloning can result in a reduced gene pool. This means there are fewer different alleles in a population living. The population was a similar chance of having resistance to new diseases.
There is some evidence that cloned animals may not be as healthy as normal ones.
Some people where is that humans might be cloned in the future. This is considered deeply unethical by the vast majority of people. In addition, early attempts might be unsuccessful.