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Biology 4th form > Cardiovascular diseases > Flashcards

Cardiovascular diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is coronary heart disease

A

When the coronary artery that supply the blood to the muscle of the heart get blocked by layers of fatty materials building up the arteries become narrow so blood flow is restricted and lack of oxygen gets to the muscles lead to heart attack

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2
Q

What is cardiovascular disease

A

Diseases of the heart or blood vessels

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3
Q

What are stents

A

Tubes that are inserted inside arteries

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4
Q

What do stents do

A

They keep open the arteries making sure blood can pass through to the heart muscles to keep the persons heart beating

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5
Q

Advantages of stents

A

Lower risk of heart attack in people with coronary heart disease
Effective
Used for long time
Quick recovery time

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6
Q

Disadvantage of stents

A

Risks of complications in surgery
Risk of infection
Risk of patient developing blood clotting

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7
Q

What is the job of a statins

A

Reduce cholesterol in blood

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8
Q

What is LDL

A

A cholesterol sometimes called bad cholesterol makes up most of body cholesterol when there is to much it forms plaque

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9
Q

What is HDL

A

cholesterol sometimes called good cholesterol absorbs cholesterol in the blood and carry’s back to the liver

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10
Q

What foods do we get cholesterol from

A

Egg yolk cheese

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11
Q

What is cholesterol

A

An essential lipid that your body produces and needs to function properly

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12
Q

What are statins

A

A drug that reduces the amount of bad LDL cholesterol present in bloodstream. This slows down the rate of fatty deposits forming

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13
Q

Advantages of a statin

A

Reduces risk of stroke coronary heart disease and heart attack
Increase amount of benificial type of cholesterol
May also help prevent some other diseases

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14
Q

Disadvantages if statin

A

Long term drug must be tacked regularly
Negative side affects like headaches some can be serious kidney failure liver damage memory loss
Effect isn’t instant takes time

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15
Q

What will doctors do if someone has heart failure

A

Try and give them a heart transplant if there is a heart available

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16
Q

If someone has heart failure and a heart isn’t available what do doctors get

A

An artificial heart

17
Q

What are artificial hearts

A

Mechanical devises that pump blood for a persons whose heart has failed

18
Q

What are advantages for an artificial heart

A

Less likely to be rejected made of metal and plastic so body doesn’t attack them

19
Q

What are the disadvantages for an artificial heart

A

Surgery to fit
Can lead to bleeding and infection
Don’t work as well as normal one
Parts could wear out or could fail
Not as smooth boood flow cause blood clotting and lead to strokes
Patient has to take drugs to thin blood this can cause bleeding if hurt in an accident

20
Q

What can valves be damaged by

A

Heart attack infection old age

21
Q

What can damage to a valve cause

A

The valve tissue to stiffen so it won’t open properly
It may become leaky blood flowing in both directions
Not as effective as normal

22
Q

What can you do if a valve is damaged

A

Replace it with a valve tacked from animal human or a mechanically made one

23
Q

If someone looses a lot of blood in an accident what can it be replaced with

A

Artificial blood

24
Q

What is a communicable disease

A

Diseases that can spread from person to person or from animal to person

25
Q

What can communicable diseases be caused by

A

Bacteria viruses parasites

26
Q

Examples of communicable diesease

A

Measles and malaria

27
Q

What are Non communicable diseases

A

Diseases that can not spread between person and person or animal and person

28
Q

Examples of non communicable diseases

A

Asthma cancer coronary heart disease

29
Q

What type of people are more likely to get communicable diseases

A

People with poor immune system because their body is less likely to be able to defend against pathogens that cause the diseases

30
Q

What factors can affect your health

A

Stress
Diet
Life situation

31
Q

What is a risk factor

A

Your chance of getting a disease

32
Q

What are some risk factors

A

Smoking
Obesity
Drinking to much alcohol
Smoking when pregnant
Cancer

33
Q

What are the 2 types of cancer

A

Benign
Malignant

34
Q

What is cancer

A

The uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells

35
Q

What is the difference between benign cancer and malignant cancer

A

Malignant spreads to other body parts making secondary tumours
Benign the tumour stays within the membrane

36
Q

Risk factors of cancer

A

Smoking
Obesity
Uv exposure
Viral infection

Biology 4th form (11 decks)

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