Cells Flashcards
What is an organism?
A living thing
What makes up an organism?
Cells
What are the cell structures in an animal cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, cell surface membrane, mitochondria
What is a nucleus?
a cell structure of an animal and plant cell which contains genes which are sections of DNA, and the genes control the production of proteins
what is a cytoplasm?
a cell structure of an animal and plant cell which is a jelly like substance where chemical reactions happen
What is a cell surface membrane?
a cell structure of an animal and plant cell which is a thin layer of skin around the cell, holds the cells together and controls what goes in and out
What is a mitochondria?
a cell structure of an animal and plant cell which is where aerobic respiration happens and it releases energy
what are the cell structures in a plant cell?
as well as having a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane and mitochondria it also has a cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts
What is a cell wall?
a cell structure of a plant cell which is an outer coating made of cellulose which gives support to the cell
what is a vacuole?
a cell structure of a plant cell which has cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts
what is chloroplast?
a cell structure of a plant cell which contains chlorophyll which is used for photosynthesis
what are the animal and plant cells called?
multicellular organisms
what organ systems do plants have?
root system and shoot system
What are multicellular organisms?
Animals and plants made up of lots of cells
What are the groups when their are lots of cells sorted into groups?
Cells - tissue Tissue - organ Organ - organ system Multicellular organisms - several organ systems
What are the human organ systems called?
Gaseous exchange system and the reproductive system
What are the plant organ systems called?
Root system and shoot system
What are living things that are only made up of one cell?
Unicellular organisms
What do unicellular organisms need to survive?
Adaptions
What are two examples of adaptations that unicellular organisms need to survive?
Euglena and amoeba
where does a euglena live?
in the water
what is the tail of the euglena’s name and what does it do?
flagellum and it helps the euglena to swim
what gas gets passed by diffusion in the moist surface membrane?
oxygen
how does it get its food?
they have chloroplasts on their surface membrane and that helps them to do photosynthesis to make their own food
where does amoeba live?
as well as euglena, amoeba also lives in the water
what do they use the membrane for?
extend it out a bit of their membrane and use it like an arm and then flow into it
what happens in the moist surface membrane?
exchange gases like in the euglena
how do they eat?
the cell membrane wraps around the food and drags it into the body
what is an adaptation?
An adaptation is a special skill which helps an animal to survive and do everything it needs to do
