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CSC1005 - Integrated Human Physiology > Cell Signalling > Flashcards

Cell Signalling Flashcards

1
Q

Why do cells communicate?

A

Essential for survival

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2
Q

What are examples of cell communication?

A
  • Blood glucose
  • Infection
  • Wounding
  • Time to contract
  • Time to divide
  • Time to die
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3
Q

What are different types of signals?

A
  • Ligand
  • Hormone
  • Neurotransmitter
  • Cytokine
  • Chemokine
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4
Q

What is a signal?

A

A molecule a cell will respond to once bound to a receptor

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5
Q

What may happen if the signal doesn’t work or reach the receptor?

A

Can cause pathology disease like diabetes, cancer, inflammation, immunodeficiency etc

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6
Q

How can cell signalling be regulated?

A

by different for of spatial dimensions

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7
Q

What are the 5 different spatial dimension?

A
  • Direct
  • Paracrine
  • Endocrine
  • Synaptic
  • Autocrine
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8
Q

What is a direct way of cell signalling?

A

Direct between two cell membranes with gap junctions

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9
Q

What is paracrine way of cell signalling?

A

Signalling molecule is released by an adjacent cell

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10
Q

What is synaptic way of cell signalling?

A

Neurons release a neurotransmitter across synaptic cleft to postsynaptic membrane

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11
Q

What is an endocrine way of cell signalling?

A

Hormonal signalling where a hormone is recreated into blood stream to travel to target cell

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12
Q

What is an autocrine way of cell signalling?

A

Very close signalling where the cell releases the signal/hormone and then acts on itself

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13
Q

What are the four classes of receptors?

A
  • Steriod
  • G-protein couples
  • Ligand-gated ion channels
  • Enzyme linked
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14
Q

What are the two types of response from receptors if bound with?

A
  • Change in protein production

- Change in protein activity

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15
Q

What happens when change in protein production?

A

Turn genes on or off

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16
Q

What happens when change in protein activity?

A

Turn enzyme on of off, reorganise the cytoskeleton

17
Q

What is signal transduction?

A

Steps which happens when a receptor receives a signal causing a change

18
Q

What do steroid receptors activate?

A

Genes directly

19
Q

Where are testosterone receptors found?

A

In the cytoplasm

20
Q

How many in 20 code for GPCRs?

A

1 in 20

21
Q

What is the percentage of GPCRs in pharmaceutical?

A

40%

22
Q 
Order these 4 different stages in the correct order:
Transduction
Response
Receptor
Signal
A

Signal - Receptor - Transduction - Response

23
Q

What is the timescale of a ligand-gated ion channel?

A

Milliseconds

24
Q

What is the time scale of a GPCR?

A

Seconds

25
Q

What is the time scale of enzyme linked receptors?

A

Hours

26
Q

What is the time scale of steroid receptors?

A

Hours

CSC1005 - Integrated Human Physiology (18 decks)

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