Cell organelle learning guide Flashcards
What are the functions of microfilaments?
support the plasma membrane
form the core of microvilli
involved in cell motion (phagocyte “crawling”) and cell divison
What are the functions of the intermediate filaments?
form the framework of the cell
support the size and shape of the nucleus
provide cell strength
help the cell and tissue to withstand mechanical stresses
What are the functions of the microtubules?
support the cell
maintain the position of organelles
associate with motor proteins that move vesicles and organelles throughout the cell
form the core of cilia and flagella
What are microvilli made up of?
microfilaments
What are centrioles made up of?
microtubules
What are cilia made up of?
microtubules
What is a ribosome’s structure?
Non membranous
Physically made up of RNA
free in cytosol
bound to Rough ER
What are the centrosome and centrioles?
The centrosome is a gel matrix containing the tubulin proteins needed to build microtubules
Centrioles are in the centrosome; formed by modified microtubules and other proteins
What are the functions of the centrosome and the centrioles?
Centrosome- microtubule organizing center for cytoskeleton
Centrioles- Play important role in cell division
What is the structure of the rough ER and what is its function?
surface studded with ribosomes; involved in protein processing
What is the structure of the smooth ER and what is its function?
no ribosomes; lipid synthesis (such as steroids and cholesterol)
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus and what does it do?
stack of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs; sorts, modifies and packages proteins and other products made by the ER
What is the structure of lysosomes and what do they do?
membrane-enclosed structure with digestive enzymes, similar to a large vesicle; cleans up inside of cell, gets rid of residue, and is involved in apaptosis (cell destroying itself)
What is the structure of peroxisomes and what do they do?
membrane-enclosed, similar to large vesicle;
uses hydrogen peroxide
destroys toxins and fatty acids in the body
synthesizes some phospholipids
What is the structure of mitochondria and what do they do?
Double membrane; inner membrane folded into cristae, has own DNA and ribosomes
synthesizes the majority of the cell’s ATP
