cell injury and cell death Flashcards
what is apoptosis?
internally controlled cell death
what is necrosis?
severe cell swelling and rupture
what is oncosis?
pre lethal changes preceding cell death
what is the causes of cell injury?
hypoxia physical agents chemical agents immunologic reactions infectious agents genetic derangements nutritional imbalances
what is the mode of action of trauma on cellular agents?
mechanical disruption of tissue
what is the mode of action of CO inhalation on cellular agents?
prevents oxygen transport
what is the mode of action of contact with strong acid on cellular agents?
coagulates tissue protein
what is the mode of action of paracetamol overdose on cellular agents?
Metabolites bind to liver cell protein and lipoproteins
what is the mode of action of bacterial infections on cellular agents?
toxins and enzymes
what is the mode of action of ionising radiation on cellular
damage to DNA
what are the different types of cell injury?
reversible cell injury
irreversible cell injury
ischaemic/reperfusion injury
what are the characteristics of reversible cell injury?
decrease generation of ATP
loss of cell membrane integrity
Defects in protein sythesis and DNA damage
what are the characteristics of irreversible cell injury?
severe mitochondrial changes
extensive damage to plasma membranes
swelling of lysosomes
what is SUMO of necrosis?
S - cellular swelling, many cells affected
U - cell contents ingested by macrophages, significant inflammation
M - loss of membrane integrity, cell lysis occurs
O - organelle swelling and lysosomal leakage and random degradation of DNA
What is the SUMO of apoptosis?
S - cellular shrinkage, one cell affected
U - cell contents ingested by neighbouring cells, no inflammatory response
M - membrane blebbing but integrity maintained and a-optic bodies formed
O - chromatin condensation and non-random DNA degradation and mitochondria release pro-apoptotic proteins
