acid base

Question 1

what does the maintenance of plasma [H+] depend upon?

Answer 1

depends heavily on buffers and excretion of CO2 and nitrogenous waste

Question 2

what is the average acid production in a day?

Answer 2

total co2 = 25 mol/day

unmetabolised acids = 50 mmol/day

plasma [H+] = 40nmol/L

Question 3

where does glucose metabolism take place?

Answer 3

mainly skeletal muscle and RBCs

Question 4

what is the intermediary anaerobic process for glucose?

Answer 4

glucose = 2 lactate + 2 H+

Question 5

what is the incomplete ketogenesis metabolism for triglycerides?

Answer 5

triglycerides = free fatty acids + H+

free fatty acids = ketones + H+

Question 6

how is amino acid metabolism (urea genesis)?

Answer 6

neutral amino acids results in the generation of H+

Question 7

what is the basic definition of a buffer?

Answer 7

a buffer is a solution which resists change in pH when an acid or base is added

Question 8

what is pH?

Answer 8

pH = -log10[H+]

Question 9

what is academia?

Answer 9

low blood pH

Question 10

what is acidosis?

Answer 10

abnormal process or condition that lows arterial pH

Question 11

what is the acid disassociation constant?

Answer 11

Ka

Question 12

what is the negative logarithm of Ka?

Answer 12

pka

Question 13

what is the pka equation?

Answer 13

pKa= -log10Ka

Question 14

what does the Henderson-Hasselbach equation explain?

Answer 14

explains how acids and bases contribute to pH and therefore H+?

Question 15

why in physiology does bicarbonate act as a base and CO2 an acid?

Answer 15

CO2 is acting as an acid when dissolved in plasma, CO2 becomes an acid, which dissociates to release H+.

HCO3- accepts a proton to form carbonic acid , which is converted to CO2 for excretion in the lungs

Question 16

what does blood ph depend upon?

Answer 16

depends not on absolute amounts of CO2 or HCO3 but on the ratio of the two?

Question 17

what is the pKA of bicarbonate buffering in blood?

Answer 17

6.1

Question 18

why can’t bicarbonate buffer CO2?

Answer 18

because of the equation
H+ + HCO3- = H2CO3 = CO2 + H2O. which would mean buffering by bicarbonate would only result in the production of more CO2

Question 19

what is mono hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate important buffers in?

Answer 19

they are important buffers in urine?

Question 20

NH3 is an important buffer in?

Answer 20

urine

Question 21

what forms a buffer pair in ammonia?

Answer 21

ammonium ions

Question 22

what is the principle non-bicarbonate buffer?

Answer 22

haemoglobin

Question 23

what does the buffering system Haemoglobin do?

Answer 23

it reduces CO2.

it increases production of HCO3-

formation of HHb from Hb

Question 24

what is the main predominant plasma protein buffer?

Answer 24

albumin

Question 25

where are the sites of acid-base metabolism?

Answer 25

liver
lungs
kidneys
GI tract

Question 26

what is the Acid-Base in the lungs?

Answer 26

in a healthy person, the rate of elimination is equal to the rate of production so that blood pCO2 remains constant

Question 27

what is the acid-base in the kidneys, in a nutshell?

Answer 27

excretion of H+ ions in the distal tubule

reabsorption of bicarbonate in the proximal tubule

regeneration of bicarbonate in the distal tubule