Cell Division and Cycle Flashcards by Angelica Cejas

Q

Also called body cells

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Somatic Cells

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Q

Sperm and Egg cell

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Germ Cells

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Q

Diploid cells that
divide to give rise to differentiated cells

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Stem Cells

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Q

Have two copies of the genome (diploid)

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Somatic Cells

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Q

Have one copy of the genome (haploid)

A

Germ Cells

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Q

a series of events that cells go through as they grow

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Cell Cycle

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Q

An adult human consists of about _________ Cells and billions are replaced daily.

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

30 Trillion

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Q

Form of cell death
that is a normal part of growth and development

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Apoptosis

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Q

Division of DNA and
rest of the cell

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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Q

the sequence of activities as a cell prepares for and undergoes division

CHOICES:
Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis, 30 Trillion, 60 Trillion, Germ Cells, Somatic Cells, Stem Cells, Interphase

A

Cell Interphase

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Q

Microscopically cells are quiet

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

Interphase

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Q

a cell can exit the cell cycle at G1 Phase to enter a quiet phase called ________

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

G0

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Q

Protein Synthesis, Lipids, and Carbohydrates

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

G1 Phase

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Q

Replication of Chromosomes

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

S Phase

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Q

Chromosomes are not visible and Active protein synthesis

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

Interphase

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Q

DNA replication and Mitosis

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

G2 Phase

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Q

Will contribute to building the extra plasma membrane required to surround the two new cells that form from the original one

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

G1 Phase

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Q

Cell replicates its entire genome

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

S Phase

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Q

A cell in ________ is alive and maintains its specialized characteristics but does not replicate its DNA or divide. This cell can proceed to mitosis and divide or die.

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

G0

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Q

Occurs after the DNA has been replicated but before mitosis begins

CHOICES:
G0, Interphase, G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

A

G2 Phase

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Q

Microtubules form structures called ________

CHOICES:
Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

A

centrioles

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Q

the largest constriction in a chromosome, located at a specific site in each chromosome

CHOICES:
Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

A

Centromere

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Q

a structure composed of microtubules that pulls sets of chromosomes apart in a dividing cell

CHOICES:
Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

A

Spindle

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Q

maintains cellular organization and enable transport of substances within the cell

CHOICES:
Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

A

Microtubules

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a structure in cells that organizes microtubules into the mitotic spindle CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

Centrioles

After the DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two copies of the genome joined at an area called the _________. CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

centromere

strands of chromosomal material in replicated chromosomes CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

Chromatids

Division of a cell nucleus during mitosis CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

Karyokinesis

Only occurs in eukaryotes CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

Mitosis

if a chromatid is attached at a centromere, they are called _________ CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

sister chromatids

The space between sister chromatids is called a _______ CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

furrow

Produces 2 new cells that are both genetically identical to the original cell. CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

Mitosis

pair of centrioles surrounded by a halo of microtubules. CHOICES: Spindle, Microtubules, centromere, Chromatids, Karyokinesis, sister chromatids, furrow, Mitosis, foramen, Centrioles, Asters

Asters

Cells prepare to divide by tightly condensing their chromosomes CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Prophase

Attachment of chromosomes to spindle fiber forming a metaphase plate CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Metaphase

Centromeres divide CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Anaphase

Two daughter nuclei begin to form in the cell CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Telophase

sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fivers becoming independent chromosomes CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Anaphase

Initiate mitotic spindle formation CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Prophase

Align along the cell’s equator CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Metaphase

Spindle falls apart CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Telophase

Chromosomes appear as long, thin threads CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Prophase

the two ends of the cell have an equivalent and complete collection of chromosomes CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Anaphase

Chromosomes are at maximum contraction CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Metaphase

Nucleolus appears CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Telophase

Nuclear membranes form around the two sets of chromosomes CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Telophase

cytokinesis occurs CHOICES: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Telophase

Ensure that critical events in the DNA replication and chromosome segregation CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Cell Cycle Check Points

made in a gland and transported in the bloodstream to another part of the body. CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Hormone

stimulates cell division in the skin beneath a scab CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Epidermal growth factor

Ensures that all phases of the cell cycle are executed in the correct order CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes

Lose 20-200 endmost bases after each cell division CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Telomeres

After ______ divisions, shortened telomeres signal the cell to stop dividing CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

50

Sperm, eggs, bone marrow, and cancer cells produce ________ that prevent shortening of telomeres CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

telomerase

Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes in G1 CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Cdk4 & Cdk6

Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes in S-Phase CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Cdk2

Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes in M-Phase CHOICES: Cell Cycle Check Points, Epidermal growth factor, Telomeres, telomerase, Cdk4 & Cdk6, Cdk2, Cdk1, 50, 30, 10, Cyclin-dependent kinases complexes, Hormone

Cdk1

Failure of the Checkpoints may lead to mutations and genetic instability like cancer and birth defects. True or False

True

A form of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes, forming haploid gametes. CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

Meiosis

________ have the same genes in the same order but carry different alleles, or variants, of the same gene CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

Homologous pairs

Humans normally contain ______________ segments, which shuffles the genes and produces a recombination of genetic material CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

23 pairs of chromosomes

Gametes are _______ and somatic cells are _______ for each chromosomes CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

haploid, diploid

Provides genetic diversity which can enable a population to survive an environmental challenge CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

Meiosis

During meiosis gamete cells undergo a “_________” maintaining the DNA but reducing the count to 23 CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

Double Division

reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

Meiosis I

produces four haploid daughter cells CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

Meiosis II

The pairing of homologous chromosomes lengthwise CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

synapsis

As homologous chromosomes separate, points of interchange are temporarily united and form an X-like structure called ______ CHOICES: Homologous pairs, 46 pairs of chromosomes, 23 pairs of chromosomes, haploid, diploid, Meiosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, synapsis, chiasma, Double Division

chiasma

Mitosis provides constancy of the chromosome number generation to generation by reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid, thereby producing haploid gametes. True or False

False - Meiosis

Meiosis doesn't allow a random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes between the gametes. True or False

False - it allows

Homologs pair up and undergo crossing over CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase I

Random alignment of chromosomes causes an independent assortment of the genes that they carry CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Metaphase I

Homologs separate CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Anaphase I

Move to opposite poles CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Telophase I

Produces genetic recombination in the offspring CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase I

nuclear envelopes partially assemble around chromosomes. Spindle disappears. Cytokinesis divides cells into two. CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Telophase I

Paired homologous chromosomes align along the equator of the cell CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Metaphase I

Synapsed chromosomes separate but remain attached at a few points CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase I

homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles of cell CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Anaphase I

Nuclear envelope fragments. Spindle forms and fibers attach to both chromosomes. CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase II

synapsis and crossing over occurs CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase I (early)

chromosomes condense, become visible. CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase I (late)

Chromosomes align along the equator of the cell. CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Metaphase II

Sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of cell. CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Anaphase II

Nuclear envelopes assemble around two daughter nuclei. Chromosomes decondense. Spindle disappears. Cytokinesis divides cells. CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Telophase II

marks the start of the second meiotic division CHOICES: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase I (late), Prophase I (early), Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Prophase II

A stem cell divides by _____ CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

mitosis

a cell whose descendants can follow any of several developmental pathways, but not all. They do not have the capacity for self-renewal. CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

Progenitor Cell

Inner cell mass of very early embryo; somatic cell nuclear transfer into the egg cell CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

Embryonic Stem Cells

Genes or other chemicals reprogram the somatic cell nucleus; no embryos required CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

Induced pluripotent Stem Cell

Somatic cells that normally function as stem cells, from any stage of development from fertilized ovum through elderly CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

“Adult” Stem Cell

Stem cells aids in the discovery and development of drugs. True or False

True

What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called? CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

S Phase Interphase

During what stage does the G1,S , and G2 phases happen? CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

Interphase

During what phase of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur? CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

M Phase

During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur? CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

M Phase

During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

S Phase

During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

G1 Phase

During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis? CHOICES: G2 Phase, G1 Phase, Interphase, S Phase Interphase, “Adult” Stem Cell, Induced pluripotent Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cells, Progenitor Cell, M Phase, S Phase, mitosis, meiosis

G2 Phase