Cell Cycle (Genetics)

Question 1

Rudolph Virchow

Answer 1

1876
omnis cellula e cellula
all cells come from other cells

Question 2

cell cylce

Answer 2

process of cell division
interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
all cells have the ability to make other cells similar to themselves through a very complex and predictable process

Question 3

rate of reproduction

Answer 3

unicellular: as fast as possible (faster the better)
multicellular: reproduce at a set rate (growth factor)

Question 4

growth factor

Answer 4

prevents uncontrolled cell division

binds to certain protein receptors in cell membrane

Question 5

unicellular organisms

Answer 5

new cell=new organism

Question 6

multicellular organisms

Answer 6

usually begin as a single cell

Question 7

role of DNA in cell cycle

Answer 7

controls cell division

genetic material is duplicated and divided equally into daughter cells

Question 8

interphase

Answer 8

time between miotic phases
cell grows, develops and carries out normal activities
under a microscope only growth is visible during this stage
genetic material is very active but no visible
3 periods

Question 9

3 periods of interphase

Answer 9

1. G1
2. S
3. G2

Question 10

genetic material in interphase

Answer 10

active and not visible
in the form of chromatin
controls metabolic activities so DNA cam replicate during S phase
main metabolic activity: protein synthesis

Question 11

chromatin

Answer 11

genetic material during interphase
located in nucleoplasm
long, thin strands

Question 12

G1

Answer 12

first period in interphase
follows miotic phase
growth and metabolic activity
centrosome replicates

Question 13

centrosome

Answer 13

pair of centrioles that separate and duplicate to form to centrosomes
play a role in mitosis and meiosis in animal cells

Question 14

S

Answer 14

chromatin replicates

*genetic material has to copied perfectly to ensure that each daughter cell well have the same as the mother

Question 15

G2

Answer 15

growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 16

miotic phase

Answer 16

mitosis and cytokinesis

first indicator is chromosomes in nucleus (chromatin has condensed into chromosomes)

Question 17

mitosis

Answer 17

nuclear division

Question 18

phases of mitosis

Answer 18

1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase

Question 19

cytokinesis

Answer 19

cell division (division of cytoplasm)
happens after telophase

Question 20

clevage furrow

Answer 20

animal cell preparing for cytokinesis

controlled by actin ring

Question 21

cell plate

Answer 21

plant cell preparing for cytokinesis
phragmoplast- scaffold for formation of cell plate
vacuoles from golgi apparatus containing cellulose (and other necessary materials) fuse at equator and plasma membrane creating new cell plate

Question 22

chromosomes

Answer 22

replicated chromatin from interphase

spindle of microtubules arrange chromosome along metaphase plate and then separate them to opposite pole of cell

Question 23

microtubules

Answer 23

controlled by centrosomes in animal cells

controlled by plasma membrane in plant cells

Question 24

cytokinesis

Answer 24

process of formation of daughter cells
divide cytosol and organelles equally
last phase of cell division