Animals (DOLT) Flashcards
invertebrates
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores
reproduce sexually and asexually
characterized based on anatomical and physiological characteristics
no backbone or internal skeleton
chordata
phylum
vertebrates
have an internal skeleton and backbone
backbone encases spinal chord
exoskeleton
found in invertebrates
hard external covering
not all have them
common invertebrate orders
- echinoderms
- mollusks
- arthropods
- annelids
- porifera
echinoderms
5 point radial symmetry saltwater separate sexes filter feeders or predators capable of regeneration
examples of echinoderms
starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins
mollusks
aquatic or terrestrial most are filter feeders food source for humans some contain pearls some cultures use them as a form of money
examples of mollusks
clams, mussels, snails, squid, octopi
arthropods
exoskeleton jointed appendages segmented body aquatic or terrestrial separate sexes classified based on number of legs some transmit diseases
classification of arthropods
6 legs: insects
8 legs: arachnids
10 legs: crustaceans
uses of arthropods
food source
pets
examples of arthropods
insects, arachnids, crustaceans
annelids
segmented worms have longitudinal or circular muscles moist skin hermaphrodites aquatic or terrestrial
use for annelids
earthworms enrich and aerate soil
examples of annelids
earthworms. leeches
porifera
surface covered in pores
pores allow water to circulate through the body
aquatic
examples of porifera
sponges
vertebrate skeleton
starts as cartilage
turns to bone as calcium is added
some fish retain cartilage their whole lives
humans retain some cartilage
cartilage
cover end of bones in a thing layer
flexible
chordate orders
- fish
- amphibians
- reptiles
- birds
- mammals
warm blooded
retain constant internal temperature
takes a lot of energy
must regularly consume food
cold blooded
internal body temperature same as environmental temperature
habitat (vertebrates)
fish: aquatic
amphibians: aquatic and terrestrial
reptiles: terrestrial
birds: terrestrial
mammals: terrestrial
fertilization (vertebrates)
fish: external
amphibians: external
reptiles: internal
birds: internal
mammals: internal
development (vertebrates)
fish: external
amphibians: external
reptiles: external (shelled egg)
birds: external (shelled egg)
mammals: internal
heart (vertebrates)
fish: 2 chambers
amphibians: 3 chambers
reptiles: 4 chambers with a hole
birds: 4 chambers
mammals: 4 chambers
breathing (vertebrates)
fish: gills
amphibians: gills, lungs, skin
reptiles: lungs
birds: lungs
mammals: lungs
warm/cold blooded (vertebrates)
fish: cold
amphibians: cold
reptiles: cold
birds: warm
mammals: warm
body covering (vertebrates)
fish: scales
amphibians: moist skin
reptiles: dry skin and scales
birds: feathers and scales
mammals: hair or fur
mammary glands (vertebrates)
fish: no
amphibians: no
reptiles: no
birds: no
mammals: yes
lungs
more efficient than gills and skin at adding oxygen to blood
oxygen is needed for cellular respiration to digest food on a molecular level
heart
2,3, and 4 chambered hearts with a hole in them pump oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood
4 chambered heart most efficient at pumping oxygenated blood through body
internal fertilization
terrestrial animals
external fertilization
sperm and egg deposited within close proximity of each other
has to happen in water so sperm can swim to egg
reptilian shelled eggs
bury eggs
hatch depending on external temperature (cold blooded)
time it takes to hatch is unpredictable
bird shelled eggs
incubated by mother when she sits on them
if eggs aren’t constantly being incubated they won’t develop and hatch
mammals
typically have a uterus which allows for internal development
mammals without a uterus
marsupials (kangaroos, opossums, koalas)
offspring born as embryos and develop in mother’s pouch
pouch contains mammary glands
duck-billed platypus and echidna lay eggs
diversity
measured by number of different species in a specific area
more species=healthier ecosystems
food webs vs. single food chains
diverse ecosystems have food webs
disturbed ecosystems
not very diverse
undisturbed ecosystems
little to no human interference
very diverse
monoculture
ecosystem containing only one species
rely on humans to survive
