Angiosperms (Plants)

Question 1

Difference between plants and animals

Answer 1

plants are stationary, photoautotrophic (produce own food) and have continuous growth
around 295000 species of plant exist

Question 2

4 main parts of plants

Answer 2

1. roots
2. stems
3. leaves
4. flowers

Question 3

roots

Answer 3

anchor
extract water and dissolved minerals from soil
3 types:
1. taproots
2. adventitious roots
3. fiborous roots

Question 4

taproots

Answer 4

grow deep

ensure steady supply of H2O in droughts

Question 5

adventitious roots

Answer 5

grow from stems that touch the ground
can survive when main root is removed
found in both monocots and dicots

Question 6

fibrous roots

Answer 6

plants that live beside or in water

Question 7

stems

Answer 7

support leaves so they can get sunlight
support flowers
store nutrients
contain xylem and phloem
4 types: simple, branched, upright, creeping

Question 8

underground food storage organs

Answer 8

tubers, bulbs, corms, rhizomes

produce suckers, shoots, stolons, runners (adventitious roots) and tendrils (attach to nearby objects for support)

Question 9

leaves

Answer 9

blade: flat and thin- maximize ability to absorb energy from sun
petiole/stalk: turn leaf over during day and make sure leaf is always facing sun
stomata- CO2 is taken in and O2 and H2O vapour eliminated
veins: bundles of vascular tissue

Question 10

arrangement of leaves

Answer 10

allows for maximum exposure to sun
larges leaves closest to the ground (don't block smaller leaves)
3 types of arrangements:
1. opposite
2. alternate
3. whorled

Question 11

how to describe a plant based on leaf

Answer 11

shape and type of margin/ledge of leaf

shape: lanceolate, oval, cordate, triangular
edge: entire, serrated, undulate, lobed

Question 12

flowers

Answer 12

responsible for reproduction
pistil: stigma, style, ovary and ovule
stamen: anther and filament
seeds:
produced after reproduction, contain embryo and food to nourish embryo
cover protects embryo
cotyledons (seed leaves) provide food until fully formed
most common seeds come from flowering plants

Question 13

classification of flowering plants

Answer 13

used to be classified based on size/growth form until Linnaeus came up with new system- classified as tree, herb or vine
Linnaeus called them flowering plants
subdivided into monocots and dicots

Question 14

embryo

Answer 14

monocot: single cotyledon (monocotlyledonae)
dicot: 2 cotyledons (dicotlyledonae)

Question 15

pollen

Answer 15

monocot: single furrow or pore
dicot: 3 furrows or pores

Question 16

flower parts

Answer 16

monocot: multiples of 3
dicot: multiples of 4 or 5

Question 17

leaf veins

Answer 17

monocot: parallel
dicot: reticulated

Question 18

vascular bundles

Answer 18

monocot: scattered bundles
dicot: bundles in a ring

Question 19

roots

Answer 19

monocot: arise adventitiously from nodes in stem, “prop” roots when clustered near bottom of stem, usually develop fibrous roots
dicot: develop from radicle (found in lower end of embryo)- apical meristem continues to provide root tissue, usually develop tap foods

Question 20

secondary growth

Answer 20

monocot: absent- don’t produce wood (palm trees produce a substitute)
dicot: often present- produce wood and bark which increases diameter of stem

Question 21

cotyledons

Answer 21

seed leaves produced by embryo

absorb nutrients packaged in seed until seedling develops leaves and begins photosynthesis